Basilica de la sagrada familia

Location barcelona Work started- 19th march, 1882 Antoni Gaudi appointed architect in 1883 and worked on this project until his death in 1926. Project completion- is expected to complete by 2026

Fig. 2.1, Sagrada familia, www.sagradafamilia.cat

Church has five naves and a crossing with three, forming a Latin cross. The interior measurements are: nave and apse, 90 m; crossing,60m Follows the basic plan of a gothic cathedral.

PLAN OF THE CHURCH

Fig. 2.2, plan, www.sagradafamilia.cat Fig. 2.3, plan, www.architecturalreview.com

Plan of Cologne Cathedral Gothic architecture

Main parts of the church

apse Chapel Passion faade Cloister Main nave Glory faade Crypt The nativity facade

Gaud's original design calls for a total of eighteen spires, representing in ascending order of height the Twelve Apostles, the four Evangelists, the Virgin Mary and, tallest of all, Jesus Christ. Eight spires have been built as of 2010, corresponding to four apostles at the Nativity faade and four apostles at the Passion faade. The completion of the spires will make Sagrada Famlia the tallest church building in the world.

Fig. 2.3, 3d view , national geographic chanel ltd.

Geometry Helicoid & coinoid

Example of helicoid - ruled surface that one can see on the skeleton of a spiral staircase (before putting steps or seen from below if left smooth). Helicoid represented the ascedning movement that relate earth and heaven.
..

Fig. 2.6, snail www.bluffon.edu

Fig. 2.5, heicoid , Basilica de la sagrada familia ltd..

Fig. 2.6, heicoid , Basilica de la sagrada familia ltd..

Design by nature Snail shells and falling maple seeds natural spirals Goudi studied.

Helicoids used in sagrada familia In form of spiral staircases

Conoid - the wooden beams are the generatrices the rest on the profile of the facades on one side, and on the central interior main beam on the other. two guidelines, one straight line and one curved.
Fig. 2.7, leaf www.bluffon.edu

Leaflike roofs, the curved plane (conoid) takes the structure of a leaf
Fig. 2.8, roof www.sagradafamiia.cat Fig. 2.7, roof www.sagradafamiia.cat

Ellipsoid
ELLIPSOID The ellipsoid is a solid in which all the flat sections are ellipses. Because of its elliptical shape it was chosen by Gaud for the knots or capitals that subdivide the lower columns into branches. The different knots are the result of adding and subtracting ellipsoids from one another

Fig. 2.10, roof National gegraphic chanel ltd, Fig. 2.9, trees pillar www.sagradafamiia.cat

tree trunks Designed to house artificial lights, Gauds columns copy the scars that form naturally when a tree branch is cut.

Hyperboloid
The hyperboloid is a surface generated by a hyperbola which revolves around a circle or ellipse. They can be solid or empty, solid to pass from the column to the vaults, empty where the light enters the interior of the church

Fig. 2.11, hyperboloid Unesco world heritage org.

Fig. 2.12, hyperboloid www.sagradafamilia.cat.

Double roof A unique feature of the churchs roof, quadric surfaces , reflect and filter natural light.

Fig. 2.13, tree pillars www.sagradafamilia.cat.

when columns reach the vaults we can see hyperboloids is on the capitals of the columns.

Hyperbolic paraboloid
It is simply a twisted plane. in one direction it has the sections in the form of a parabola with the branches pointing upwards, while in the perpendicular part the sections are in the form of a parabola with the branches pointing downwards.

Fig. 2.13, hyperbolic parabloid National geographic chanel ltd..

proportions

Fig. 2.14, parabola roof www.sagradafamilia.cat.

Plan of the church Total length from the entrance to the back of the apse: 90 m Width of the main nave: 45 m (= 1/2 90 m) Length of the crossing 60 m: (= 2/3 90 m) Total length from the entrance to the back of the apse: 90 m Height of the main nave: 45 m (= 1/2 90 m) Height of the crossing: 60 m (= 2/3 90 m)

Fig. 2.15, plan www.sagradafamilia.cat.

Beyond the gothic

Gaudi had a desire to overcome all the defects he found in the Gothic structural system, mainly the following: Shifting of the loads to flying buttresses, more exposed and more vulnerable, Excessively complex and fragile structural web. The demolition of one part can bring about the ruin of the whole building. Light wooden roofs, excessively vulnerable to fire, damp, insects Gaud's contributions to going beyond the Gothic can be summarised as: Double roof of stone verticalisation of the forces and reduction of the horizontal thrusts. He thus achieves the total suppression of the exterior structural elements Inclined columns branching like trees.
Fig. 2.17, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CHANEL

The Crypt gothic arches prominent

While retaining the gothic window, he loosened its formal stringensy by counterbalancing with different circular elements to it.

Gothic cathedral

Sagrada Familia

Fig. 2.16, heicoid , Basilica de la sagrada familia ltd..

Design by nature Ornaments

Gaudi pioneered an architecture inspired from natures forms.

honeycomb gates patterns of honeycomb and palm fronds are etched on the gates, walls and floors. Eg. iron railings on the nativity facade.

Fig. 2.18, Honeycomb National Geographic Chanel ltd.

Fig. 2.19, vine lines National Geographic ltd.

vine lines naturally spiraling helices.passion fruit tendrils, for instance, adorn the side walls of the nativity facade. organic windows following the patterns found on natural objects like those on a marine diatom, gaudi designed windows to allow for greater passage of natural light. pinnacles of detail- the tower tops are modelled on architects study of crystals,cereal grain and grasses. lavender, wheat and grasses were some of the plants gaudi studied as he designed his pinnacles.

Fig. 2.19, organic windows National Geographic ltd.

crystals

Nativity Faade Dedicated to the birth of Jesus, it is decorated with scenes reminiscent of elements of life. Characteristic of Gaud's naturalistic style, the sculptures are ornately arranged and decorated with scenes and images from nature, each a symbol in their own manner. Four towers complete the faade and are each dedicated to a Saint (Matthias the Apostle, Saint Barnabas, Jude the Apostle, and Simon the Zealot).

Fig. 2.21 , facade Passion Sagradofamilia.cat Faade Sagradofamilia.cat Sagradofamilia.cat in contrast to the highly decorated Nativity Faade, the Passion Faade is plain and simple, with ample bare stone, and is carved with harsh straight lines to resemble a skeleton if it were reduced to only bone. Dedicated to the Passion of Christ, the suffering of Jesus during his crucifixion, the faade was intended to portray the sins of man. Construction began in 1954, following the drawings and instructions left by Gaud for future architects and sculptors.

Fig. 2.20 , shires

Fig. 2.21 , faade

Fig. 2.22,spires Sagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.23 , faade Sagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.24 entrance Sagradofamilia.cat

Glory Faade
The largest of the faades will be the Glory Faade, To reach the Glory Portico, there will be a large staircase.It will be decorated with demons, idols, false gods, heresy and schisms, etc. Purgatory and death will also be depicted. The portico will have seven large columns dedicated to spiritual gifts. At the base of the columns there will be representations of the Seven Deadly Sins and at the top seven heavenly virtues,

Apse

Crypt

Fig. 2.26 , interior Sagradofamilia.cat

Fig. 2.27 , National Geographic Chanel ltd.

columns
Gaudi saw three great basic models of columns in history The Greek Doric column The Corinthian order column The barley sugar column, typical of the Baroque

Double Twisted Columns synthesis of 3

historical column models. Star shaped bases ending in circles.

Tree columns

Fig. 2.28 , National Geographic Chanel ltd.

the main columns of the sagrada Familia come in four sizes and shapes, all of which finish in a circle. the diameter and number of sides depend on the load the column needs to bear.

Bibliography 1. Tafuri, Manfredo. History of Architecture - Modern Architecture /1. s.l. : Electa. 2. Mackay, David. Modern Architecture in Barcelona 1854-1939. s.l. : Rizzoli. 3. Antoni Gaudi - an enigma. 2006. 4. Casa Batllo - Gaudi - Barcelona. [Online] Casa Batlo S.L.U. [Cited: 10 13, 2013.] http://www.casabatllo.es/en/. 5. National Geographic. la sagradafamilia. basilica la sagrada familia. [Online] 2010.