What Managers Do==Individuals who achieve goals through other people.

Managerial Activities--Make decisions-Allocate resources--Direct activities of others to attain goals// Managers do their work in an organization , which is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Management Functions ==Planning--A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities Organizing--Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Leading=A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts. Controlling==Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and
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Management Skills ==Technical skills=The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise . ex-civil engineers, oral surgeons =Human skills=The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups Many people are technically proficient but poor listeners, unable to understand the needs of others, or weak at managing conflicts. Conceptual Skills=The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations .Decision making, for instance, requires managers to identify problems, develop alternative solutions to correct those problems, evaluate those alternative solutions, and select the best one

Organizational behavior (OB)--A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness.
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field Psychology=The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Learning/Motivation/Personality/Job satisfaction/ Individual decision making/ Work design/Work stress Sociology=The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings. Behavioral change/Attitude change/ Communication/ Group processes /Group decision making Social Psychology=An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. Communication/ Power/ Conflict/Organizational technology/Organizational change Anthropology-The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Comparative values/ Comparative attitudes/Organizational culture
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Challenges and Opportunities for OB Responding to Globalization-Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders. Burger King is owned by a British firm, and McDonalds sells hamburgers in Moscow./ Increased foreign assignments//Working with people from different cultures//Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor Managing Workforce DiversityWorkforce diversity acknowledges a workforce of women and men; many racial and ethnic groups; individuals with a variety of physical or psychological abilities; and people who differ in age and sexual orientation. Managing this diversity is a global concern Improving People Skills-employee will learn ways to design motivating jobs, techniques for improving his listening skills, and how to create more effective teams.
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Improving Customer Service-Today, the majority of employees in developed countries work in service jobs, including 80 percent in the United States. In Australia, 73 % work in service industries. In the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan, the percentages are 69, 68, and 65, respectively. OB can provide considerable guidance in helping managers create such culturesin which employees are friendly and courteous, accessible, knowledgeable, prompt in responding to customer needs, and willing to do whats necessary to please the customer. Stimulating Innovation and Change- successful org must foster innovation and master the art of change, or theyll become candidates for extinction. Victory will go to the org that maintain their flexibility, continually improve their quality, and beat their competition to the marketplace with a constant stream of innovative products and services.
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Coping with Temporariness-Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. Todays managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability Working in Networked Organizations-Software programmers, graphic designers, systems analysts, technical writers, photo researchers, book editors. The managers job is different in a networked organization Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts=First, the creation of global org means the world never sleeps. Second, communication technology allows many technical and professional employees to do their work at home, in their cars, or on the beach Finally, the rise of the dual-career couple makes it difficult for married employees to find time to fulfill commitments to home, spouse, children, parents, and friends.
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A==Ability-An individuals capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. 1==Intellectual Ability=The capacity to do mental activities- thinking , reasoning, and problem solving Number aptitude --Accountant: Computing the sales tax on a set of items Verbal comprehension -Plant manager: Following corporate policies on hiring Perceptual speed Fire investigator: Identifying clues to support a charge of arson Inductive reasoning-- Market researcher: Forecasting demand for a product in the next time period Deductive reasoning -Supervisor: Choosing between two different suggestions offered by employees Spatial visualization -Interior decorator: Redecorating an office Memory Salesperson: Remembering the names of customers
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Physical Abilities--The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics Strength Factors 1. Dynamic strength 2. Trunk strength 3. Static strength 4. Explosive strength Flexibility Factors 5. Extent flexibility 6. Dynamic flexibility Other Factors 7. Body coordination 8. Balance 9. Stamina Attitudes-Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. Cognitive component-The opinion or belief segment of an attitude. a description of or belief in the way things are. It sets the stage for the more critical part of an attitude .like- My pay is low Affective Component-. Affect is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude and is reflected in the statement I am angry over how little Im paid. Behavioral Component-An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. to continue the example, Im going to look for another job that pays better.
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