GAS LIFT VALVE MECHANICS

Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT VALVE MECHANICS

3 basic types of gas lift valve, each available in 1 & 1-1/2 sizes:
DUMMY VALVES ORIFICE VALVES
SQUARE EDGED VENTURI (NOVA)

UNLOADING VALVES
INJECTION PRESSURE (CASING) OPERATED VALVES PRODUCTION PRESSURE (FLUID) OPERATED VALVES THROTTLING/PROPORTIONAL RESPONSE VALVES

Schlumberger 2001

UNLOADING VALVES

Schlumberger 2001

Diaphragm/ Atmospheric Bellows Spring

Stem Stem Tip Upstream Downstream

Upstream/ Casing

Port
Downstream/Tubing

Pressure Regulator

Spring Operated Gas Lift Valve

Schlumberger 2001

VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES

F=PXA

Pb

WHEN THE VALVE IS CLOSED TO OPEN IT.. Fo = Pc1 (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap

Pb

Pc2 Pc1
WHEN THE VALVE IS OPEN TO CLOSE IT.. Fc = Pc2 (Ab)

Pt

Schlumberger 2001

VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES

CLOSING FORCE (IPO VALVE) Fc = PbAb

OPENING FORCES (IPO VALVE)

Fo1 = Pc (Ab- Ap) Fo2 = Pt Ap

Fo = Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap

TOTAL OPENING FORCE

JUST BEFORE THE VALVE OPENS THE FORCES ARE EQUAL

Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap = Pb Ab Pb - Pt (Ap/Ab) Pc = -------------------------1 - (Ap/Ab) Pb = Pressure in bellows Pt = Tubing pressure Pc = Casing pressure Ab = Area of bellows Ap = Area of port

SOLVING FOR Pc WHERE:

Schlumberger 2001

VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES

Pc = Pb - Pt (Ap/Ab) ---------------------1 - (Ap/Ab) Pb - Pt (R) ---------------------1-R

Pc =

Pb = Pc (1 - R) + Pt (R)

Where R = Ratio Ap/Ab

Schlumberger 2001

PRODUCED FLUID

0
INJECTION GAS

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2000

4000

DEPTH FTTVD

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

DRAWDOWN

TUBING PRESSURE CASING PRESSURE

FBHP

SIBHP
Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT VALVES CLOSE IN SEQUENCE

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

2000

4000

DEPTH FTTVD

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

DRAWDOWN

TUBING PRESSURE CASING PRESSURE

FBHP

SIBHP

Schlumberger 2001

EXERCISE
PRODUCED FLUID INJECTION GAS

DESIGN CASING P. TO OPEN 1250 PSI

REQUIRED CASING P TO CLOSE

DOME P.

AT SURFACE

TUBING P. @ DEPTH VALVE # 1 1310 PSI ? PSI

360 PSI

VALVE # 2
640 PSI

1260 PSI

? PSI

1050 PSI

VALVE # 3

1200 PSI

? PSI

Pb = Pc (1-R) + Pt (R) NOTE : ALL VALVES 3/16 R-20 R = 0.038 1-R = 0.962
Schlumberger 2001

EXERCISE
PRODUCED FLUID INJECTION GAS

DESIGN CASING P. TO OPEN 1250 PSI

REQUIRED CASING P TO CLOSE

DOME P.

AT SURFACE

TUBING P. @ DEPTH VALVE # 1 1310 PSI 1274 PSI

360 PSI

VALVE # 2
640 PSI

1260 PSI

1236 PSI

1050 PSI

VALVE # 3

1200 PSI

1194 PSI

Pb = Pc (1-R) + Pt (R) NOTE : ALL VALVES 3/16 R-20 R = 0.038 1-R = 0.962
Schlumberger 2001

Pb Dome Dome

Pb

Chevron Packing Stack Bellows

Chevron Packing Stack Bellows

Stem Tip (Ball) Pc Stem Tip (Ball) Square Edged Seat Pt Chevron Packing Stack Pt Chevron Packing Stack Square Edged Seat Pc

Check Valve

Check Valve

Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Injection Pressure (Casing) Operated Gas Lift Valve

Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Schlumberger Production Pressure (Fluid) Operated2001 Gas Lift Valve

Dome Spring

Pb Atmospheric Bellows

Chevron Packing Stack Bellows

Chevron Packing Stack

Pc

Pc Spring Adjustment Nut & Lock Nuts

Large T.C. Ball Tapered T.C. Seat Chevron Packing Stack Pt

Stem Tip (Ball) Square Edged Seat

Chevron Packing Stack Check Valve

Pt

Check Valve

Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Proportional Response Gas Lift Valve

Spring Operated Schlumberger Injection Pressure (Casing) Operated Gas Lift Valve
2001

 Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT VALVE FEATURES

Bellows protection Max dome charge Check valve Stem travel Metallurgy Elastomers Max fluid rate

Schlumberger 2001

UNLOADING GAS LIFT VALVE

Normally required during unloading phase only Open only when annulus and tubing pressures are high enough to overcome valve set pressure Valve closes after transfer to next station May be spring or nitrogen charged

Schlumberger 2001

ORIFICE VALVES
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF ORIFICE VALVE: SQUARED EDGED ORIFICE VENTURI (NOVA)

Valve designed for accurate gas passage prediction.

One-way check valve for tubing integrity.

Schlumberger 2001

NOVA VALVE

Schlumberger 2001

OPERATING GAS LIFT VALVE

Typically an orifice type Gas lift valve always open - allows gas across Passage whenever correct differential exists Gas injection controlled by size and differential across replaceable choke Back-check prevents reverse flow of well fluids from the production conduit

Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT MANDRELS, LATCHES & KICKOVER TOOLS

Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT MANDRELS

SIDE POCKET MANDRELS

CONVENTIONAL MANDREL

Schlumberger 2001

5 1/2 MMRG-4, 1 1/2 POCKET ROUND MANDREL DESIGN

Orienting Sleeve Tool Discriminator G Latch Lug Polished Seal Bore

CAMCO

ENGINEERING DATA
PART NUMBER SIZE MAX O.D. MIN I.D. DRIFT I.D. THREAD TEST PRESSURE INTERNAL TEST PRESSURE EXTERNAL LATCH TYPE KICKOVER TOOL RUNNING TOOL PULLING TOOL MATERIAL TENSILE STRENGTH (EOEC)
CAMCO 1996

05712-000-00001 5 1/2 7.982 4.756 4.653 17 LB/FT MANN BDS B x P 7740 PSI 6280 PSI RK, RK-1, RKP, RK-SP OM-1, OM-1M, OM-1S RK-1 15079 1 5/8 JDS 15155 410 S.S., 13 CR 22 HRC MAX 490,000 LBS
Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

RK / BK LATCH

THERE ARE OTHER LATCHES

1-1/2 RK 1-1/2 RA 1-1/2 RM T2 LATCHES 1 BK

Schlumberger 2001

KICKOVER TOOL
THE KICKOVER TOOL IS RUN ON WIRELINE AND USED TO PULL AND SET GAS LIFT VALVES. THE ABILITY TO WIRELINE CHANGE-OUT GAS LIFT VALVES GIVES GREAT FLEXIBILITY IN THE GAS LIFT DESIGN

Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

 Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT VALVE CHANGEOUTS!

Methodical Equalise pressure Valve catcher Latches Running / pulling tools Pressure tests Experience Risk
Schlumberger 2001

EQUIPMENT SUMMARY
Side pocket mandrels IPO unloading valves Fluid pressure operated valves Proportional response valves Orifice valves Shear open valves Latch system Dump kill valves Circulating valves Pilot valves Check systems Waterflood regulators Chemical injection systems Time cycle controllers

Schlumberger 2001

SURFACE ACTUATED/CONTROLLED GAS LIFT VALVE

Hydraulic controlled valve Electric controlled valve

Schlumberger 2001

CONTINUOUS FLOW UNLOADING SEQUENCE

COMPUTER MODEL

Schlumberger 2001