GAS LIFT WELL KICK-OFF

Schlumberger 2001

CAMCO GAS LIFT TECHNOLOGY

PRESSURE (PSIG)
0 0 1000 2000 100 TEMPERATURE F 150 200

1000

2000

3000

4000

DEPTH FTTVD

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

DEPTH OF WELL (MID PERFS) S.I.B.H.P.

10000

SLIDE 2

Schlumberger 2001

CAMCO GAS LIFT TECHNOLOGY

PRESSURE (PSIG)
0 0 1000 2000 100 TEMPERATURE F 150 200

1000

2000

3000

4000

DEPTH FTTVD

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

DEPTH OF WELL (MID PERFS) F.B.H.P. S.I.B.H.P.

10000

SLIDE 5

Schlumberger 2001

GAS LIFT WELL KICK-OFF

Unload well carefully
50 - 100 psi (3.5 bar) per 10 min 1 - 2 bbl per min

Maximize production choke opening Gradually increase gas injection rate Monitor well clean up and stability Get to target position Perform step rate production test Optimise gas injection rate Note - when unloading all valves open!
Schlumberger 2001

GAS CALCULATIONS RELATED TO GAS LIFT SYSTEMS

Gas injection pressure at depth Gas volume stored within a conduit Temperature effect on bellows-charged dome pressure Volumetric gas throughput of a choke or GL Valve port

Schlumberger 2001

GAS CALCULATIONS RELATED TO GAS LIFT SYSTEMS GAS INJECTION PRESSURE AT DEPTH S.G. x L 53.34 x T x Z P@L = P@S x e
Where: e = 2.71828 P@L = Pressure at depth, psia P@S = Pressure at surface, psia S.G. = Gas Specific Gravity L = Depth, feet T = Average Temp Degrees R Z = Average Compressibility for T and average pressure

Schlumberger 2001

GAS CALCULATIONS RELATED TO GAS LIFT SYSTEMS GAS INJECTION PRESSURE AT DEPTH

Rule of thumb Equation based on S.G. of 0.65, a geothermal gradient at 1.60F/100ft and a surface temperature of 700F
P@L = P@S + (2.3 x P@S x L ) 100 1000

Where:

P@L = Pressure at depth, psia P@S = Pressure at surface, psia L = Depth, feet
Schlumberger 2001

GAS VOLUME STORED WITHIN A CONDUIT

Internal capacity of a single circular conduit

Q(ft3/100ft.) = 0.5454 di2 Q(barrels/100ft.) = 0.009714 di2 Annular capacity of a tubing string inside casing Q(ft3/100ft.) = 0.5454 di2 - do2 Q(barrels/100ft.) = 0.009714 di2 - do2
Where: di = inside diameter in inches do = outside diameter in inches
Schlumberger 2001

GAS VOLUME STORED WITHIN A CONDUIT To find the volume of gas contained under specific well conditions): P x Tb b = V x ---------------Z x Pb x T
Where: b = gas volume at base conditions V = capacity of conduit in cubic feet P = average pressure within conduit Tb= temperature base in degrees Rankin Z = compressibility factor for average pressure and temperature in a conduit (see Figure 3.2) Pb= pressure base (14.73 psi) T = average temperature in the conduit in degrees Rankin Schlumberger
2001

TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON CONFINED BELLOWS CHARGED DOME PRESSURE Major Advantages of Nitrogen

Availability Non-explosive Non- corrosive Predictable compressibility Predictable temperature effect

Schlumberger 2001

TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON CONFINED BELLOWS CHARGED DOME PRESSURE P2 = P1

Where:
X

Tc
P1 = Pressure at initial temperature P2 = Pressure resulting from change of temperature Tc = Temperature correction factor

and

1 + 0.00215 x (T2 - 60) Tc = -------------------------------1 + 0.00215 x (T1 - 60)

Where : T1 = Initial temperature, Deg F T2 = Present temperature, Deg F
Schlumberger 2001

VOLUMETRIC GAS THROUGHPUT OF A CHOKE OR A GAS LIFT VALVE PORT Equation based on Thornhill-Craver Studies Page 3-13 Since this equation is so complex the chart in page 3-16 provides a means of quickly obtaining an approximate gas passage rate for a given port size

Schlumberger 2001

GAS PASSAGE THROUGH ORIFICE VALVE

ORIFICE VALVE PERFORMANCE CURVE

CRITICAL FLOW

SUBCRITICAL FLOW

GAS RATE

PRESSURE
Schlumberger 2001

GAS PASSAGE THROUGH UNLOADING VALVE

UNLOADING VALVE PERFORMANCE CURVE

GAS RATE

Orifice Flow Throttling Flow

PRESSURE
Schlumberger 2001

RDO-5 Orifice Valve, 24/64" Port, Cd = 0.86

5.00

4.50

4.00

3.50

Gas Flowrate (mmscf/d)

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

Calculated Flowrate Calculated Flowrate Calculated Flowrate

Measured Flowrate Measured Flowrate Measured Flowrate Measured Flowrate

1.00

0.50

Calculated Flowrate

0.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1000.00 1200.00 1400.00 1600.00 1800.00 2000.00

Downstream Pressure (psig)

Schlumberger 2001

APPLICATION OF FLOWING PRESSURE GRADIENTS / EXERCISES

Schlumberger 2001