Guided By: Mr.

Manas Ranjan Nayak Assistant Professor Department of Electrical Engineering ITER, BHUBANESWAR

Submitted by: Pritam Rath Regd No: 0911013206 Electrical Engineering

Solar Energy An Overview How to Harness Solar Power

Solar Cells
Triple Junction Tandem Solar Cells

Efficiency Analysis
Present and Future

 The output of sun is

2.81023KWH/year. The energy reaching the earth is 1.51018KWH/year. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, Solar air conditioning, Solar lamp, Spacebased solar power.

Solar Power is concentrated and converted to thermal energy which is converted to electric energy.

Solar Power is converted to electricity using PV (Photovoltaic) effect.

Triple Junction based High Efficiency Tandem Solar Cells

In 1839, Edmond Becquerel found that two different brass plates

immersed in a liquid produced a continuous current when illuminated with sunlight. We now believe that he had made a copper - cuprous oxide thin - film solar cell. Later in the 1870s, Willoughby Smith, W. G. Adams, and R. E. Day discovered a PV effect in selenium. A solar cell is a semi-conducting device made of silicon or other materials, which, when exposed to sunlight, generates electricity. It uses the Photovoltaic technology.

Mono-Crystalline silicon cells

Multi-junction Solar Cells

Poly Crystalline Solar Cells

Thin Film Solar Cells

Triple Junction based High Efficiency Tandem Solar Cells

Si

Energy
Conduction Band

Ec
Si Si Si

Forbidden Band Gap

Ev
Si

Valence Band

SILICON STRUCTURE

Ga 31

As 33

In 49

Electron without bonding GaInAs STRUCTURE

Energy
Conduction Band
Conduction Band

Forbidden Band Gap

Valence Band

Ec
Ev
Energy Band Gap
Valence Band

Ec Ef Ev
GaInAs

SILICON

Triple Junction based High Efficiency Tandem Solar Cells

 The efficiency in recent years have been 60%

in satellites and nearly 85% in laboratory for 30cm2 cell at 200 suns. As compared to its counter parts such as other silicon solar cells having efficiency nearly 20%. The most important factor is the end-of-life (EOL) efficiency.

 Presently this kind of Solar cell technology is only

restricted to space applications. All the Satellites use this kind of Solar Cells. The main hindrance in the commercialization of this kind of solar cell is the cost. Cost of these solar cells is $2.48/cm2. Lots of research work is going on to reduce the price.

 T. Takamoto, K. Sasaki et al., Proceedings of the 35th

IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Hawaii, USA, June 2010. Research and Development Trends of Solar Cell for Highly Efficiency daisuke kanama, hiroshi kawamoto Nanotechnology and Materials Research Unit, quarterly review no.28/july 2008. Martin A. Green, Keith Emery, Yoshihiro Hishikawa and Wilhelm Warta, Solar cell efficiency tables, Published online 18 June 2010 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/pip.1021.