Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Power
A capacity to influence the behaviour of others It is a potential that need not be actually used It is also a function of dependency. If a person is dependent on another, then the other has power over the first Leaders use their power as a means to achieve a goal
5 Sources of Power
Coercive Power probably the most primitive source of power, but most often used, and most difficult to control.
It is a power that is dependent on fear
Legitimate Power the power a person possesses as a result of their position in the organization
5 Sources of Power
Expert Power power possessed because of a specific knowledge, skill, expertise or experience an individual has
As the world has become more technical, this power source has grown
The least effective sources of power are Coercive, Legitimate and Reward Effective leaders leverage referent power and expert power.
These are more personal forms of power achieved through interrelations with others
Empowerment
Empowerment is the ability and freedom of employees to make decisions and commitments
To some degree, boundaries are set around where employees can make decisions, and empowerment seeks to expand them
Empowerment
Empowerment increases as employees or teams are given more power over their job context (reason for the job) and job content (tasks) Empowered employees are expected to act as owners of the business Levels of Empowerment
No discretion (usually for routine, low skilled jobs) Task setting employee can determine how the job gets done Participatory some decision making power over job context/content Mission defining groups set broad goals for a project Self-management Total decision making power
Coalitions
A coalition is an informal group bound together by the active pursuit of a single issue Successful coalitions contain fluid membership and act swiftly to achieve their goals Coalitions will seek to maximize their size and are more likely to be created when there is a resource shortage or dependence Coalitions tend to be created when tasks are routine as well
Abuse of Power
Harassment the abuse of a power position Great examples of abuse of power are in the recent Nortel, Enron and WorldCom cases.
Executives abused their ability to affect perceived organizational performance through the use of financial reporting tools
Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome behaviour of a sexual nature in the workplace that negatively affects the work environment or leads to adverse job related consequences for employees
Politics
Politics is present when employees convert their power into action Political behaviour is that activity that attempt to influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within an organization It becomes most notable when it is outside the actors direct job responsibility Q: How political is your place of work? Why?
The less trust there is in an organization, the more politics Unclear performance evaluations promote politics
Organizational Behaviour Dave Ludwick, P.Eng, MBA, PMP
Chapter 8