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SENDER S.A.
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Company was created in 1997 by a group of engineers and technitians with long experience in Solid state A.M. Transmitters. Located in Santiago Chile, with 25 employes. 40% of them are shareholders.
Main activity: Design and manufacturing of A.M. transmitters, antenna tuning units, duplexers and triplexers.
First transmitter in operation Nov 1997. Transmitters sold up to now:127 from 1 KW to 12.5 KW.
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Product Line
AM 1500 SS 1.5 KW/1.1 KW, single phase / 2 power amplifiers AM 3000 SS 2.25 KW/3KW, single phase or 3 phase / 4 power amplifiers. AM 7500 SS 5.5 KW/ 7.5 KW, 3 phase or single phase / 7 power amplifiers.
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Product highlights
Solid State. Modular / redundant architecture High efficiency. PWM & class D R.F. amplifiers Hot plug in power amplifiers with Mosfets. Simple design with standard components. Totally rustproof cabinet made of iridated aluminum with stainless steel hardware. Excellent specs and audio quality. Outstanding factory support. Very competitive price.
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Basic specifications
Frequency range: .53 MHZ to 1.7 MHZ. Input voltage: 110V or 220 V single phase, 220V or 380V 3 ph +or - 10%. Line frequency 47HZ to 63 HZ. Efficiency: 75% or better for single phase transmitters, 80% or better for 3 phase transmitters. Frequency response: Better than +or- 1 dB 30 Hz to 10 KHZ. Distortion: Less than 1% at nominal power and 90% modulation.
Harmonics and spurious:- 73 dB or better for AM 1500 SS, - 80 dB or better for other models.
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Frequency stability:+- 5 Hz. Output impedance: 50 Ohm Dimentions and weigths: AM 1500 SS W=44 cm,H=62.5cm D=60 cM , 100 Kg. AM 3000 SS W=44 cm,H=65.5cm D=60 cM , 160 Kg. AM 15000 SS W=80 cm,H=181cm D=81 cM , 500 Kg.
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Standard features: 2 power level with independient adjustment and modulation autotracking. Start, stop,power level selection and power level adjustment remotely controled. Automatic alarm reset. Positive and negative limiter.
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Combiner
Output Filter
Out
Control
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Introduction
Station Concept
Harmonic set of:
Transmitter Radiating system Energy System Auxiliary Equipment
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ANTENNA STL RX
H.V TRANSF.
DISTR. BOARD
RF
TX T.P.
A.C.
ATU
GROUND PLANE
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PWM MODULATOR
GENERATES D.C + A.C. VOLTAGE FOR THE R.F. AMP. SWITCHING DEVICE, HIGH EFFICIENCY A FILTER IS NEEDED TO ELIMINATE SWITCHING FREQUENCIES CONMUTATION FREQUENCY IS 72 KHZ.
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R.F. AMPLIFIER
D.C. SUPPLY
Switch (Mosfet)
PWM FILTER
LOAD
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S V
2)
RL 3)
4)
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PWM 0
72 kHz
144 kHz
Frecuency
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PWM 180
Audio
72 kHz
144 kHz
Frecuency
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T1
RL
T3
T2 PWM filter
T4
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RL
Cgs
Cgd Cgs
Crss = Cgd
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Mosfets drive
Vgs
V+
T1
RL
T3
T2
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Cs
MOSFET drive
Lp
SCgs
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T1
RL
T3
T1
RL
T3
T2
T4
T2
T4
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T1
RL
T3
T1
RL
T3
T2
T4
T2
T4
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Tuned load to produce sinusoidal current High efficiency (>95 %) Duty cycle should be < 0.5
Avoid transversal currents Coss charge and discharge through Rl
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MOSFET characteristics
No secondary breakdown positive temperature coeff. Of Rdson (Simplify parallel operation) Voltage controled device (Vgs) Driver impedance dependent switching times. Intrinsic antiparallel diode
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IRFP350 MOSFET
Rdson = 0.3 ohms Vdss = 400 Vdc Vgs = +/- 20 Vmax Vth = 3 V Vsat = 9 V Id = 16 A @ Tc=25C 10 A @ Tc=100C Idmax = 64 A Capacitance @ f=1MHz, Vds=25V , Vgs=0V Ciss = 2600 pF (2400 pF for Vds>40V) Coss = 660 pF (200 pF for Vds>40V) Crss = 250 pF (50 pF for Vds>40V)
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Class D Simulation
(1/2 bridge,Vmax<400x.75/2.5)
Cicuit data
Vdc = 110 V F = 1600 kHz d = 0.43 Transistor IRFP350
Rdson = 0.3 ohms Ton = 16 ns Toff = 40 ns Coss = 200 pF
Operational data
RL = 15 ohms Po = 132.36 W h = 97.93 %
Transistor stresses
Vmax = 110.81 V Imax = 4.12 A Pdis = 0.70 W x2 (1.4 Wtotal)
*Simulated with HB plusfrom Design Automation
L2 = 7.04 uH C2 = 1.55 nF
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Clase E Waveforms
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Output filter
Design oriented to protect R.F.amplifier Low frequency attenuation Inductor input Strategically located sensors: Spark Gap Transient suppressor SWR Overpower Overcurrent Phase Input transient suppressor(Active or pasive)
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11.37nF -j20
ZL 8-j160
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SWR=1.14 SWR=1.14
SWR=3.52 SWR=3.52 SWR=3.10 SWR=3.10
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-j92.5
20-J13
-20
j37
ZL 8-j160
20
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Load ladder
RF amplifiers Z1
50 Ohm
combiner
Antenna
filter
A.T.U.
Zn
15 Ohm
Extreme values for SWR 1:1.5, refered to 50 Ohm, are: 33.3+j0 75.0+j0 50-j20.4 50+j20.4
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20+20
Ip=15.5A
Ip=1A
90
Ip=105A
Ip=73.7A
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Class D waveforms
Ro=15 VSWR=1:1
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Class D waveforms
Ro=15-j6.1 VSWR=1:1.5
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Class D waveforms
Ro=15+j6.1 VSWR=1:1.5
Class D waveforms
Ro=22.5 VSWR=1:1.5
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Class D waveforms
Ro=10.0 VSWR=1:1.5
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Atmospheric discharges
At the antenna In A.C.lines In telephone lines
Characteristics
Imax: 200 kA Itypical: 10 a 20 kA
dI/dT typical: 10 kA/useg Risetime: 2 useg Decay time:40 useg to 50%
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17 3 2
14
13
12
11 16
9 5 8 6
7
10
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Equipment Instalation
Reference ground Coaxial cable
Building ground
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Interference
1.- Intermodulation products are generated
2.- SWR protection is desensitized
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3.- Dangerous voltages at the R.F. Amplifier and output filter maybe generated.
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Transmitter Protections
A.C.input
Overload Short cicuit Transients Overvoltage Undervoltage Assimetry
R.F.
Overcurrent SWR Phase overpower Transients
D.C.supply
Overload Transients Failure
Internal
R.F. Drive Temperature PLL
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Output
Open cicuit Short circuit Simulated lightning strike SWR
A.C. input
Phase failure Simulated transient Voltage variationSENDER
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Conclusions
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Conclusions
High quality station engineering
A.C. Transient protection Antenna discharges protection Well dimentioned and coordinated grounds. Stable radiating sysytem. Interference filtering Coordination with the manufacturer
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2.3 An H.P. vector impedance meter may be used instead of 2.1,2.2 and 2.3
3.- To measure power: 3.1 R.F. Dummy load,non inductive or with a tuning network to adjust it to 50+J0 Ohm. 3.2 R.F. Ammeter (Delta TC-1 or similar) or R.F. Wattmeter 4.- To measure frequency response and distortion: 4.1 General purpose oscilloscope, 2 channel 4.2 Audio analyzer (Audio precision Portable One or similar) 4.3 Modulation monitor (H.P. 8901 A or B , Belar AMM3, TFT 923 A.M. or similar.)
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5.- To measure spectrum.5.1 Spectrum analyzer 100KHZ.to 50 MHZ or more TEK 2711, H.P. 8553B plus display unit or similar). 5.2 R.F. atenuator. 5.3 OPTIONAL. Notch filter to remove the carrier frequency and avoid intermodulation 6.- To check efficiency. 6.1 A.C. Analyzer.(To measure A.C. voltage, current, power and power factor
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7.- To measure transmitter carrier frequency. 7.1 Digital frequency meter up to 10 MHZ. Or higher frequency, time base 1 P.P.M. or less. 8.- To measure temperature. 8.1 Infrared temperature measuring unit with suitable digital multitester. (Fluke).
9.- For general voltage and current measurements: 9.1 True RMS digital multimeter, suitable to operate in high R.F. fields. (Our best experience is with Fuke Digital multimeters.)
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10.- For long run test. 10.1 USASI Noise generator. (Delta SNG-1).
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Pablo Phillips D.
Agosto 1999