ELECTRICITY

-PEAK

DEFICIT

100000

88 667MW

9.1%

MW

80 631 MW

50000

Peak

PEAK

DEFICIT

Normal

- 9.1 %

ELECTRICITY - NORMAL DEFICIT

500

411.7

7.4 %

Billion units

381.4
250

Ge n e r a t i o n

NORMAL

DEFICIT

De m a nd

- 7.4 %

D S M

AIMS

To minimize the Cost of Generation,

Transmission

&

Distribution

of

Electricity

To meet Customer Energy Needs

a) always without Quality Deterioration
&
b) at Lowest Possible Cost

Achieved through
Proper Scheduling of Operation
Shifting of Peak Hour Operation to
non - Peak Hour Operation wherever

feasible
Possible Elimination of Operation
altogether

IN SHORT

Jan - Sep 06

1500

1 2 2 4

1 240

1 2 1 6

1 1 8 4

1 1 8 4

1 1 6 8

1 140

1 2 0 0

1 1 5 0

kVA

1300
1200

C D

1400

1400

Actual

1100
1050

1000
Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

06

Month

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Contracted / Maximum
Reached / Monthly Average
1240

1216

1184

1184

1140

1200

1150

MD Reached

903

904

903

Apr

May

Jul

1048

Jun

1027

981

Month Avg

977

1000

1022

1 050

958

kVA

1200

C D

1 400

1224

1400

800
Jan

06

Feb Mar

Month

Aug

Sep

MAXIMUM

vs A V E R A G E

kVA

1400
1200
1000

1 150

192

1 200

1 140 1 168

1 184

162

219
237

265

1 216 1 240 1 224

239

1
9

9
0

400

200

0
2

213

(max
176- a v g )

280

800
600

1 184

9
6

Aug

Sep

0
Jan

Feb

Mar

April May

June July

1.20

1.22

1.26

1.29

1.30

1.15

1.24

0 6
Max / Avg

1.21

1.16

Avg

kVA

CHARGES
Actual Paid

3.96

4.5
4.05

4.2

4.0

1 0 0 % CD

3.0

Jan
06

Feb

Mar

Apr

3.67

3.72

3.2

3.65

3.5

3.55

3.78
3.55

Rs in

Lakhs

4.50

5.0

Payable as per Consumption

May

Month

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

O U T C O M E
Study Period : O c t 5
Oct 8
DATA
(i)

to 1

ANALYZED

24 h

48 h

ON

72h

MODES

Instantaneous

( i i ) 3 0 m i n s A v e r a g e (TNEB
STUDY

Schedule)

PARAMETERS

Voltage

Current

kVA

Power

P F

17:30

Day

16:30

242

15:30

243

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

248

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

250

VOLTAGE
248

246

244
Colour

240

A N A L Y S I S
Day

Low

High

Avg

SD

243.0

247.0

245.0

1.016

244.1

248.0

245.7

0.834

243.7

247.3

245.6

0.942

INFERENCE
1

Voltage Variation - Limited

Good Quality Power

17:30

Day

16:30

3292

15:30

3500

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

5000

C U R R E N T
4469

4500

4000

Colour

3000

A N A L Y S I S
Day

Low

High

Avg

SD

3385

4265

3950

218

3292

4469

4079

238

3381

4414

4052

222

17:30

Day

16:30

15:30

0.9772

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

1.00

19:30

18:30

POWER
FACTOR

0.997

0.99

Colour

0.98

ANALYSIS
Day

Low

High

Avg

SD

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.0016

0.99

1.00

0.99

0.0022

0.9915 0.9967 0.9945 0.0015

I N F E R E N C E
1
2

A P F C is working satisfactorily
Power Factor - Leading Occasionally

Time
17:30

Day

16:30

800

15:30

804

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

1100

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

1200

P O W E R
1087

1000

900

Colour

700

A N A L Y S I S
Day

Low

High

Avg

SD

828.0

1034.0

964

53.387

8 0 4 .7

1087.3

996.63

58.925

822.6

1081.0

990.29

54.754

9:30

8:30

7:30

17:30

Day

16:30

800

15:30

813

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

Time
6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

1100

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

kVA - A CONSOLIDATION

1200

1090

1000

900

Colour

700

A N A L Y S I S
Day

Low

High

Avg

SD

833

1042

969

53

813

1090

1001

57

828

1087

995

54

9:30

8:30

7:30

833

Low
833

High
1042

Avg
969

SD
53
16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

800

10:30

Time
6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

875

900

934

927

891
974

1004
1000
991

978

965

959

1040
1023
1016
1042
1027
1002
1006
1007
1012

1017
998

996
1015
1038
1039

988
1000

1015

959
963
979
991
1003

956
944

911
907
932

1000

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

888
883
882
881

900

18:30

1100

kVA - Day 1

700

Time

Low
813

High
1091

Avg
1001

SD
57
17:30

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

813

800

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

919

953

1056
1052
1051

990
1015
1020
1044
1032
1013
1013

1033

1004

996

1066

1064
1025
1091
1058
1066

1013
1019
988

1008

1025
1011

999
976
996

965

943

914

918

959

872
897

905

900

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

1003
1014
1044
1076
1047
1029
988

1000

19:30

1052
1056

1100

18:30

1200

kVA - Day 2

700

Time
17:30

863

866

911

920

968
995

973
985
995

965

1033

1040
1040
1037
1063
1055

979
1000
1009
1017
1025
1016
976
982
1012
1048
1076
1047

1013
980
989
990
1012
967
955

944

970

938

900

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

829

800

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

1048
1045
1081
1087
1031

1100

20:30

19:30

1004
996
993
1006

1000

18:30

kVA - Day 3

1200

Low
828

High
1087

Avg
995

SD
54

700

700

833

Max
Average
SD

833
1042
969
53

900

974

965

959

1040
1023
1016
1042
1027
1002
1006
1007
1012

1017
998

996
1015
1038
1039

988
1000

1015

Min
Max
Average
SD

600

697
1192
970
85

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

700

16:30

15:30

875

934

927

891

959
963
979
991
1003

1004
1000
991

978

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

1300

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

8:30

Min

9:30

800

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

956
944

911
907
932

1000

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

888
883
882
881

900

18:30

VARIATION OF
(INSTANTANEOUS &HOUR AVERAGE )
KVA vs TIME
Day 1

1200

1100

1000

900

800

500

400

1100

17:30

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

Max
Average
SD

813
1091
1001
57

1056
1052
1051

990
1015
1020
1044
1032
1013
1013

1033

Min

943

996

953

1064

1066

1091
1058
1066

1025

1013
1019
988

965

1008

1025
1011

1004

919

872
897

914

918

959

999
976
996

1200

5:30

813

800

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

905

900

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

1003
1014
1044
1076
1047
1029
988

1000

19:30

1052
1056

1100

18:30

18:26

17:16

16:06

14:56

13:46

12:35

11:25

10:15

8:30

7:20

6:10

5:00

3:50

2:40

1:30

0:20

23:10

22:00

20:50

19:40

18:30

VARIATION OF
(INSTANTANEOUS &HOUR AVERAGE )
KVA VS TIME
Day 2

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

Min
Max
Average
SD

500

400

673
1188
999
87

Time

700

968
995

973
985
995

1033

1040
1040
1037
1063
1055

Max
Average
SD

744
1261
995
82

Max
Average
SD

700

1087
995
54

18:20

13:45
14:40
15:35
16:30
17:25

600

Min

17:30

900

938

911

965

9:10
10:05
11:00
11:55
12:50

4:35
5:30
6:25
7:20
8:15

0:00
0:55
1:50
2:45
3:40

1300

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

828

12:30

829

Min

11:30

800

920

944

979
1000
1009
1017
1025
1016
976
982
1012
1048
1076
1047

1013
980
989
990
1012
967
955

500

10:30

863

866

970

20:20
21:15
22:10
23:05

18:30
19:25

700

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

1048
1045
1081
1087
1031

1100

20:30

19:30

1004
996
993
1006

1000

18:30

VARIATION OF
(INSTANTANEOUS &HOUR AVERAGE )
KVA VS TIME
1200

Day 3

1100

1000

900

800

400

1200

kVA - A Comparison INSTANTvs30 min AVG

900

8 2 8

8 1 3

8 3 3

7 9 1

7 4 4
6 9 7

6 7 3
600

M
I
N

5 0 3

300

kk
VV
A
A

1400

1 188

1200

1 328

1 261
1 090

1 192
1 087

1 132
1 042

1000

M
A
x

800
600
400
200
0

Day

17:30

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

l t

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

1200

19:30

18:30

INFERENCES

Sizable Variation in k V A During

Lunch, Tea & Shift Changeover Time

1100

1000

900

800

700

17:30

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

2 Significant Impact on kVA

( 09 : 00 h - 11 : 30 h )

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

17:30

16:30

15:30

14:30

13:30

12:30

11:30

10:30

9:30

8:30

7:30

6:30

5:30

4:30

3:30

2:30

1:30

0:30

23:30

22:30

21:30

20:30

19:30

18:30

3 Among all shifts, kVA drop in 3rd shifts lunch

time is quite pronounced
1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

US EXPERIENCE - 1
Programme

Summary

Programme
Overview

Introduction of energy efficient lighting

and other devices to public sector and
institutional customers

Programme
Objectives
/ Goals

To promote DSM as the least cost and

most beneficial way of providing reliable
electricity

Utility driven programme

Programme
Guaranteed 3-year cost recovery of upDesign
front costs
and
Customers
were
given
option
of
Implementation
borrowing full up-front cost through the
Strategy
utilitys Conservation Loan lending Facility

 Energy Savings: 1,700,000 MWh at various stages of

Programme
Results

development
Lifecycle Savings: 1.39 million MWh
Demand Savings: 14.2 MW per year
It is possible for a utility to very quickly ramp up

an aggressive DSM programme

Actual payback estimated to stretch up to 4-6 years
Key lessons Actual customer savings (25% to 35%) were
learned

significantly lower than initial utilitys proclamation

(50 % to 75 % )
Avoid shortage of key lighting equipment and
components (e.g., ballast)

US EXPERIENCE - 2
Utility
Utility Name

New York Power Authority (NYPA)

Mandated by the state to supply New York State with

lower-cost electricity
Customers includes designated companies and state
government facilities and the investor-owned utilities
which resale power without profit to their customers
Owns generation and certain transmission assets
Number of customers 166
Energy Sales 36.200 million MWh
Energy Sales Revenue US$872 million
Net rated output 6,875 MW

Utility
characteristic
State-owned
utility

Phase in
Restructuring
DSM
Initiatives

Characteristics

State-owned utility
DSM initiatives are a central part of the utilitys strategic plan
Budget for energy efficiency programs is about US$100 million
annually

Programme

Programme
Description

Programme
Goals

Design

Cash incentives / options programme offered to

customers interested in implementing energy
efficient lighting and other devices in public
sector and institutions

Eligibility of customers for cash incentives is

established by a facility review or an energy audit
conducted at the site for the purpose of
identifying energy saving package which would
become the basis for an action Plan

To promote DSM as the least cost and most

beneficial way of providing reliable electricity
under its mandate

Customer /
Market
Characteristics

DSM Measures
(Technology /
Management)

Primarily targeted lighting in government (state)

and other public / semi - public institutional
customers in southeastern New York
Scope expanded to include HVAC and drive power
technologies
Opened out to participants from public school
sector in Long Island

Fluorescent lamps
Electronic ballasts
Specular reflectors
CFLs
High efficiency discharge lamps (HIDs)
Photocells
Occupancy sensors
Converted exit sign lighting from incandescent to
CFL
HVAC upgrade measures were made available in
March 1992

Types of incentives

Guaranteed cost recovery

Concessionary financing
Full service implementation

DSM marketing
Strategy

Glossy, powerful brochure

Multimedia (diskette, video, etc)
Personal communication at high level (NYPA
Chairman visits large customers)

Implementing
Organization

NYPA with oversight over private Implementation

Contractors that bid for contracts to perform
audit, design and oversee retrofits
Subcontractors that perform the installations
NYPA handled certain smaller projects internally

Projected Savings

Programme Period 1990 to 1992: Implemented

over a period of three years when it was
launched in 1990 and terminated in 1992
Energy Savings: 151,647 MWh
Demand Savings: 30.9 MW

Programme

Results

No of Participants

Data Not available

Savings

50 549 MWh/y

Cumulative Savings

1 51 647 MWh
30.9 MW

Programme Costs

USD 55 342

Programme

Benefit to the

Customers,
Benefit to

Benefits

Reduced customers
electricity

cost

of

Provided Low
customers

CFLs

to

cost

Peak load reduced,

the utility, Other
customer relations
benefits, Cost of
energy saved

fostered

Contributed
environmental
benefit to society
4.26 Cents / kWh at 9 % real
discount rate