Agriculture in India

Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and logging accounted for 16.6% of the GDP in 2007. It is the third largest producer of tobacco, sorghum, rapeseed, coconuts and tomatoes. India accounts for 10% of the world fruit production with first rank in the production of mangoes, papaya, banana and sapota. India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce rice and wheat.

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Agriculture in Indian economy contributes 14.6 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 200910, and 10.23 per cent (provisional) of the total exports. This sector provided employment to 55 per cent of the work force. According to Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) on November 30, 2010, the country's farm sector grew by 2.5 per cent and 4.4 per cent each in the first two quarters of the current fiscal (2010-11), against 1.9 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively, in the same period last fiscal.

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An amount of US$ 19 billion has been allocated for the Ministry of Agriculture during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Capital investment in agriculture has increased from US$ 1.2 billion in 2007-08 to US$ 3.26 billion in 201011. Rs. 400 crore provided to extend the green revolution to the eastern region of the country comprising Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Eastern UP, West Bengal and Orissa. Banks have a target of agriculture credit to the farmers for the year 2010-11 is Rs. 3,75,000 crore.

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According to APEDA, India's exports of agricultural products, fruits and vegetables, animal products, cereals and processed food products was worth US$ 1.14 billion during April-May 2010-11. India's agri-export turnover is expected to rise to nearly US$ 18 billion by 2014, according to APEDA. public sector investments in agriculture have increased from US$ 3.61 billion in 2004-05 to US$ 5.5 billion in 2008-09, private sector investment has increased from US$ 14 billion in 2004-05 to US$ 25.5 billion in 2008-09.

Agriculture in China

Beginning in about 7,500 BC with classical millet agriculture. China Agriculture is considered as the top country in farming output. China Agriculture provides more than 12 percent of the total Gross Domestic Product in the country. More than 330 millions people in china are related with China Agriculture which is almost 45 percent of the total work force. The China Agriculture produces wheat, rice, potatoes, peanuts, millet, cotton and many other things.

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China is the leading producer of cotton especially in North China Plain. With only 7 percent of the world's cultivated land, China has to feed one fifth of the world's population. China has a large livestock population, with pigs and fowl being the most common and In rural western China, sheep, goats, and camels are used. In 2004, grain output was 362 kg per capita; per capita figures for meat (pork, beef, and mutton), milk, and aquatic products were above world averages, reaching 44.6 kg, 17.4 kg, and 37.8 kg, respectively.

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In 2004, grain production was 469.47 million tons in china. Now China leads the world in output of grain, cotton, oil plants, fruit, meat, eggs, aquatic products and vegetables. Since October 2010, lack of rain and high temperatures has restricted wheat growth in the provinces of Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei. They produces half of the countrys summer grain, 90 percent of which is wheat, and account for 22 percent of chinas arable land.

Comparison between India & china

Arable land (161 million hectare Vs.130 million hectares) Irrigated land (55.8 million hectares Vs. 54.5 million hectares) Average farm size (1.4 hectares Vs. 0.4 hectares) and Farm mechanization (15.7 tractors per 1000 hectares Vs. 7 tractors per 1000 hectares).

Reasons for low productivity in india

Inadequate infrastructure illiteracy Inconsistent government policy Inadequate technology Depend on monsoon

Reasons for China outperformed to India in agriculture

Technological improvement accruing from research and development. Investment in rural infrastructure. Liberalized agricultural policy.

Sources
www.worldbank.org www.imfmetal.org www.ccsindia.org www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk www.IBEF.com Economy watch