Energy & the Living Cell

UNIT 3

Introduction - Energy

Introduction Energy
Thermodynamics study of the flow of energy in systems

First Law of Thermodynamics energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another

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Energy
energy:

the ability to: 1. do work 2. bring about a change

Most Potential Energy

2 states 1. kinetic: energy of motion 2. potential: stored energy

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Most Kinetic Energy

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Different Forms of Energy

thermal electrical nuclear light sound chemical

heat flow of charged particles radioactive decay waves of photons mechanical wave moves through air potential energy stored in chemical bonds only type of energy organisms can use example: glucose o contains chemical potential energy (stored in its covalent bonds)

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Types of Energy

Organisms Need Energy For...

Organisms need energy every second for: examples:1.active transport nerve transmission homeostasis (nephron) muscle contraction
2.anabolic reactions synthesis reactions making bigger molecules condensation/dehydration rxns making bonds endothermic (energy needed) hydrolysis of ATP energy provided by ________________
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Organisms Get Energy From

catabolic reactions release of stored chemical potential energy in bonds hydrolysis rxns breaking bonds energy exothermic released is example: digestion/cellular respiration used to generate .....

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No Life Without Energy Transfers

Second Law of Thermodynamics energy transfers are never 100% efficient always accompanied by a loss of energy in the form of heat

organisms depend on the ability to transfer energy in & out of their cells energy is transferred mostly through redox reactions

No Life Without Energy Transfers

redox reactions
coupled reactions always occurring together

reduction
characteristics general chemical biological

oxidation
(compound is oxidized)

(compound is reduced)

loss of oxygen gain of e- s gain of H+ (H+ follows e- ) gain of energy (endothermic)

gain of oxygen loss of e-s loss of H+ (H+ follows e-) loss of energy (exothermic)
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as e-s move they carry energy with them

Redox Reaction

No Life Without Energy Transfers

redox reactions

reduction
G A I N E L E C T R O N S R E D U C T I O N LEO says GER

oxidation
L O S S E L E C T R O N S O X I D A T I O N
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REDOX Reactions
OIL RIG Oxidation Is Losing electrons electrons Reduction Is Gaining

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Homework
Handout Energy & the Cell Do questions # 1- 4

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REDOX Reactions

oxidation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2+6H2O+ ATP

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reduction

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