Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 8
PowerPoint Authors: Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Learning Objective 1
Understand why organizations budget and the processes they use to create budgets.
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Control
involves the steps taken by management to increase the likelihood that the objectives set down while planning are attained and that all parts of the organization are working together toward that goal.
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Advantages of Budgeting
Define goals and objectives Communicate plans Think about and plan for the future
Advantages
Coordinate activities Means of allocating resources
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Responsibility Accounting
Managers should be held responsible for those items - and only those items - that they can actually control to a significant extent.
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2011
2012
2013
2014
Operating budgets ordinarily cover a one-year period corresponding to a companys fiscal year. Many companies divide their annual budget into four quarters.
A continuous budget is a 12-month budget that rolls forward one month (or quarter) as the current month (or quarter) is completed.
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Self-Imposed Budget
Top Management
Middle Management
Middle Management
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
Supervisor
A self-imposed budget or participative budget is a budget that is prepared with the full cooperation and participation of managers at all levels.
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Self-Imposed Budgets
Self-imposed budgets should be reviewed by higher levels of management to prevent budgetary slack. Most companies issue broad guidelines in terms of overall profits or sales. Lower level managers are directed to prepare budgets that meet those targets.
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Production budget
Cash Budget
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Learning Objective 2
Prepare a sales budget, including a schedule of expected cash collections.
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Budgeting Example
Royal Company is preparing budgets for the quarter ending June 30th. Budgeted sales for the next five months are:
April May June July August 20,000 units 50,000 units 30,000 units 25,000 units 15,000 units
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In April, the March 31st accounts receivable balance of $30,000 will be collected in full.
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Quick Check
What will be the total cash collections for the quarter? a. $700,000 b. $220,000 c. $190,000 d. $905,000
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Quick Check
What will be the total cash collections for the quarter? a. $700,000 b. $220,000 c. $190,000 d. $905,000
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Learning Objective 3
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Production Budget
The production budget must be adequate to meet budgeted sales and to provide for the desired ending inventory.
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Quick Check
What is the required production for May? a. 56,000 units b. 46,000 units c. 62,000 units d. 52,000 units
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Quick Check
What is the required production for May? a. 56,000 units b. 46,000 units c. 62,000 units d. 52,000 units
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Learning Objective 4
Prepare a direct materials budget, including a schedule of expected cash disbursements for purchases of materials.
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Management wants materials on hand at the end of each month equal to 10% of the following months production.
On March 31, 13,000 pounds of material are on hand. Material cost is $0.40 per pound.
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March 31 inventory.
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Quick Check
How much materials should be purchased in May? a. 221,500 pounds b. 240,000 pounds c. 230,000 pounds d. 211,500 pounds
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Quick Check
How much materials should be purchased in May? a. 221,500 pounds b. 240,000 pounds c. 230,000 pounds d. 211,500 pounds
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One-half of a months purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid in the following month. The March 31 accounts payable balance is $12,000.
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Compute the expected cash disbursements for materials for the quarter. 140,000 lbs. $0.40/lb. = $56,000
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Quick Check
What are the total cash disbursements for the quarter? a. $185,000 b. $ 68,000 c. $ 56,000 d. $201,400
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Quick Check
What are the total cash disbursements for the quarter? a. $185,000 b. $ 68,000 c. $ 56,000 d. $201,400
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Learning Objective 5
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The Company has a no layoff policy so all employees will be paid for 40 hours of work each week.
For purposes of our illustration assume that Royal has a no layoff policy, workers are paid at the rate of $10 per hour regardless of the hours worked. For the next three months, the direct labor workforce will be paid for a minimum of 1,500 hours per month.
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Quick Check
What would be the total direct labor cost for the quarter if the company follows its no layoff policy, but pays $15 (time-and-a-half) for every hour worked in excess of 1,500 hours in a month? a. $79,500 b. $64,500 c. $61,000 d. $57,000
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Quick Check
What would be the total direct labor cost for the quarter if the company follows its no layoff policy, but pays $15 (time-and-a-half) for April of May June Quarter every hour worked in excess 1,500 hours Labor hours required 1,300 2,300 1,450 in a month?Regular hours paid 1,500 1,500 1,500 4,500 800 800 a. $79,500 Overtime hours paid b. $64,500 Total regular hours 4,500 $10 $ 45,000 Total overtime hours 800 $15 $ 12,000 c. $61,000 Total pay $ 57,000 d. $57,000
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Learning Objective 6
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Total mfg. OH for quarter $251,000 = $49.70 per hour * Total labor hours required 5,050
* rounded
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$ Budgeted finished goods inventory Ending inventory in units Unit product cost Ending finished goods inventory
5,000 $ 4.99 ?
Total mfg. OH for quarter $251,000 = $49.70 per hour Total labor hours required 5,050
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Production Budget.
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Learning Objective 7
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Calculate the selling and administrative cash expenses for the quarter.
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Quick Check
What are the total cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses for the quarter? a. $180,000 b. $230,000 c. $110,000 d. $ 70,000
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Quick Check
What are the total cash disbursements for selling and administrative expenses for the quarter? a. $180,000 b. $230,000 c. $110,000 d. $ 70,000
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Learning Objective 8
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3. Cash excess or deficiency section determines if the company will need to borrow money or if it will be able to repay funds previously borrowed; and 4. Financing section details the borrowings and repayments projected to take place during the budget period.
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a 16% open line of credit for $75,000 a minimum cash balance of $30,000
on the first day of the month and repays loans on the last day of the month a cash dividend of $49,000 in April $143,700 of equipment in May and $48,300 in June (both purchases paid in cash) an April 1 cash balance of $40,000
Purchases Has
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Because Royal maintains a cash balance of $30,000, the company must borrow $50,000 on its line-of-credit.
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Because Royal maintains a cash balance of $30,000, the company must borrow $50,000 on its line-of-credit.
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Quick Check
What is the excess (deficiency) of cash available over disbursements for June? a. $ 85,000 b. $(10,000) c. $ 75,000 d. $ 95,000
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Quick Check
What is the excess (deficiency) of cash available over disbursements for June? a. $ 85,000 b. $(10,000) c. $ 75,000 d. $ 95,000
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$50,000 16% 3/12 = $2,000 Borrowings on April 1 and repayment on June 30.
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With interest expense from the cash budget, Royal can prepare the budgeted income statement.
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Learning Objective 9
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Cash Budget.
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Learning Objective 10
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Land - $50,000 Common stock - $200,000 Retained earnings - $146,150 (April 1) Equipment - $175,000
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Royal Company Budgeted Balance Sheet June 30 Assets: Cash Accounts receivable Raw materials inventory Finished goods inventory Land Equipment Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 43,000 75,000 4,600 24,950 50,000 367,000 564,550
25% of June sales of $300,000. 11,500 lbs. at $0.40/lb. 5,000 units at $4.99 each. 50% of June purchases of $56,800.
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Royal Company Budgeted Balance Sheet June 30 Assets: Cash Accounts receivable Raw materials inventory Finished goods inventory Land Equipment Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable Common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $
Beginning balance Add: net income 43,000 Deduct: dividends Ending balance 75,000 $146,150 239,000 (49,000) $336,150
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End of Chapter 8