Philippine Radio Broadcasting

Broadcasting

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults.

History
The

first radio station was called KZKZ set up by an American Henry Mann in Manila in 1922 1929, radio as introduced into the provinces

In

STATION IDENTIFICATION

Four letter call signs beginning with KZ were in the use The ITU however decided to give Philippines the right to use the call letter D (Deutscheland- German name of Germany)

KZKZ
A 100 watt station with the call letter KZKZ October 4,1924 he sold it to the radio Corporation of the Philippines

Nomenclatures

DZ/DW
Established

in Luzon

DY
Established

in Visayas

DX
Established

in Mindanao

Outside Manila

In 1929, RCP put up KZRC (radio Cebu), a one-kilowatt experimental station in Cebu city.

Early Filipino Broadcasters

Francisco koko Trinidad regarded as the Father of Philippine Broadcasting

REGULATION

Early regulation of broadcasting begun in 1931 and thus passed the Radio Control Law creating the Radio Control Board The board examined applications for licenses to operate radio, allocate band frequencies, and conducted inspections

Martial Law

on September 21,1972, Martial law was declared Government control was instituted with the establishment of Broadcast Media Council (BMC) and the Kapisanan ng mga Broadkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP)

BMC AND KBP

BMC
Assists

and supports the government in developing the masses, through the massive dissemination of broadcast information

KBP
An

assembly of media practitioners, which seeks to self-regulate and standardize the broadcasting industry.

KBP

Founded in 1972 for its general objectives

To

unify broadcast pratitioners To formulate policies and standards To represent broadcasters as their spokesman regarding matters concerning policies and legislation.

Radio Broadcasting Operations

Broadcast Media operators are categorized into:

Commercial-private corporations/ associations, private schools etc. they are business and profit-oriented Non-commercial civic or religious organizations with specific target audiences for their programs

Broadcast Media operators are categorized into cotinuation:

Government

Radio Broadcasting Operations

sector- operated by a government, department, agency etc. they provide public service and also disseminate information on government activities

FM Broadcasting Standards
Parameter Philippine Technical Standards

Occupied Spectrum
Allocated BW BW per station Spacing between station

88 108 MHz
20 MHz In 200 kHz increment from 88.1 MHz to 107.9 MHz 800 kHz

FM Broadcasting Standards Cont..

Carrier Frequency Tolerance Maximum Frequency Deviation Guard band Pre-emphasis Intermediate Frequency Receiver Characteristics Audio Frequency Response
2000Hz of the assigned frequency 75 kHz 25 kHz

75sec with break frequency of 2122Hz 10.7 MHz Superheterodyne 50 15000Hz

FM Broadcasting Standards
Type of Modulation FM

Type of Emission
Pilot Subcarrier Antenna Polarization

F3E
19kHz Horizontal or circular polarized

Classes of Stations
Station Class A Class B Class C Class D Authorized Power Not exceeding 15kW Not exceeding 10kW Not exceeding 1kW Not exceeding 10W

FM Broadcast Frequency Allocation

FM = FM1 + (n-1)BW (MHz) Where: FM = channel frequency in MHz FM1 = frequency of the first FM channel n = channel number BW = channel bandwidth

FM Transmitter Considerations
1.

Construction

The transmitter shall be constructed on racks and panels or in totally enclosed frames protected
The transmitter shall be enclosed in a metal frame or grille separated from the operating space by a barrier or other equivalent means

2. Enclosure

FM Transmitter Considerations
3. Grounding of Controls
All external metallic handles and controls shall be effectively grounded No circuit in excess of 150V shall have any part exposed to direct contact

4.Interlocks

All access doors shall be provided with interlocks which will disconnect all voltages in excess of 350V when any access door is opened

FM Transmitter Considerations
5. Bleeder Resistors

Proper bleeder resistors or other automatic shall be installed across all capacitor banks to lower any voltage which may remain accessible with access door open.
All instruments having more than 1000V potential to ground shall be protected by a cage or cover.

6. Wiring and Shielding

Broadcast Transmission Services (FM)

Studio-to-transmitter Link (STL)

Band Operating Frequency (MHz)

A
B

310 to 315
734 to 752 860-880 942-952

Broadcast Auxiliary Services Cont..

Remote Pick-up Broadcast Station

Band A B C Operating Frequency (MHz) 305 - 310 450-451 455 -456

Broadcast Auxiliary Services Cont..

Communications, Coordination and Control Link

Band A B C

Operating Frequency (MHz) 4 to 12 26.10 to 26.48 162.235 -162.615 166.25 170.15 880-890

Seatwork
What will happen to the FM broadcasting system, if standards were not yet established until now?