Project Overview of

Zigbee based Mapping and Position Tracking

By :-

G.Srikanth N.Sri Naga Nikhil M.Sandeep Kumar G.Mahesh

Under the guidance of Miss V.Veena

INDEX
INTRODUCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM ARM CONTROLLER LPC 2148

ZIGBEE MODULE
RFID MODULE LCD INTERFACING

INTRODUCTION
Aim: To identify person details and information transfer using zigbee technology Consists of three sections Server, Department-1 and Department-2.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SERVER

DEPARTMENT 1

DEPARTMENT 2

SERVER:
POWER SUPPLY

MAX 232

ARM LPC2148

ZIG-BEE

DEPARTMENT 1 & 2:
POWER SUPPLY

LCD
BUZZ ER

ARM LPC2148

MAX 232

ZIG-BEE

RFID READER

ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)

RISC FEATURES:

Reduced instructions
Pipelining Load store architecture Registers

Reduced instructions :
Utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of instructions.

Pipeline organization :
3-stage pipeline: Fetch Decode - Execute Three-cycle latency, one instruction per cycle throughput

i n s t r u c t i o n

Fetch
i+1

Decode

Execute

Fetch
i+2

Decode
Fetch

Execute
Decode Execute

t+1

t+2

t+3

t+4

cycle

Load store architecture :

Does not support memory to memory data processing Must move to registers before using them. Process becomes much faster due to register access to process data.

Registers :
Large general purpose register set.

Contains either data or address.

ARM FEATURES:
Low power consumption High code density Hardware debugging technology

Reduced area of die.

Low cost memory device.

LPC2148 :
LPC 2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16-bit ARM7TDMI-S processor.

ARM 7TDMI-S
ARM Acron Risc Machine (Now Advanced Risc Machine)

T The Thumb 16 bit instruction set. D On chip Debug support.

M Enhanced Multiplier
I Embedded ICE hardware to give break point and watch point support.

S- Synthesizable

ARM7 Operational Modes :

User USR Normal application execution environment*

Fast Interrupt Interrupt

Supervisor Abort Undefined System

FIQ IRQ
SVC ABT UND SYS

Response-time critical interrupt General purpose interrupt

Protected mode for operating system Virtual memory protection & management Undefined Instruction (reserved for coprocessor) Privileged user mode for operating system

ARM REGISTERS :
System & User
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 (PC) CPSR

FIQ
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7_fiq R8_fiq R9_fiq R10_fiq R11_fiq R12_fiq R13_fiq R14_fiq R15 (PC) CPSR SPSR_fiq

Supervisor
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13_svc R14_svc R15 (PC) CPSR SPSR_svc

Abort
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13_abt R14_abt R15 (PC) CPSR SPSR_abt

IRQ
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13_irq R14_irq R15 (PC) CPSR SPSR_irq
15

Undefined
R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13_und R14_und R15 (PC) CPSR SPSR_und

ARM7 CPSR Format :

ZIGBEE MODULE

Created by Zigbee alliance based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

Designed for control and automation.

Allows wireless two way communication Low cost, low power consuming technology for WPANs.

SPECIFICATIONS

Typical range 50m

Data rates of 250 kbps (@2.4 GHz), 40 kbps (@ 915

MHz), and 20 kbps (@868 MHz).

Fully hand-shaking protocol. Multiple topologies Addressing space of up to: 65,535 networks

TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY :

PEER TO PEER TOPOLOGY :

CLUSTER TREE TOPOLOGY :

ARCHITECTURE
Application
API Security
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption

Customer

Network
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree

ZigBee Alliance

MAC PHY
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz Silicon Stack App

IEEE 802.15.4

TYPES OF ANTENNAS

KEY BENEFITS

Ultra-low power consumption

MAC sub layer specifies four security services:

1. 2. 3. 4.

maintains a list of trusted devices. Data encryption. Frame integrity. sequential freshness.

APPLICATIONS

Industrial and Commercial

Monitors Movement Sensors Automation

Personal Healthcare
Patient monitors Remote Diagnosis Data loggers

Building Automation
Security Lighting Fire and Safety systems

Automotive
Service controls Inventory tracking

RFID MODULE
RFID MODULE convert radio waves returned from the RFID tag into a form that can be passed on to Controllers. RFID read range of this module will vary from approx10mm to 30mm This Firmware has the following Functions: Read Tag-ID Send Tag-ID in ASCII Format through the Serial Interface

To enable wireless identification, the RF subsystem consists of two components: RFID tags which are small electronic devices that are affixed to objects or embedded in them. RFID readers, which are devices that wirelessly communicate with tags to identify the item connected to each tag.

TAG CHARACTERISTICS
Major characteristics of tags include: Identifier format, Power source 1.Passive 2.Active Operating frequencies,

TAG READER COMMUNICATION

Tag-reader communication is achieved by using a common communications protocol between the tag and the reader.

Communication Initiation : Tags and readers can initiate RF transactions in two general ways: a. Reader Talks First (RTF). b. Tag Talks First (TTF).

LCD INTERFACING :
P0.16 P0.17 P0.18 P0.19 P0.20 P0.21 P0.22 P.023

DATA PINS

D0 D1 D2 D4 D4 D5 D6 D7

HELLO WORLD

VCC

VSS

VBE

RS

R/W

EN

LPC 2148
P0.4 CONTROL PINS P0.5 P0.6