Reading Sources

Sources of reading determine the quality !!

May be obtained from library, internet, etc - Books
Articles in the journals Symposium proceeding Web Thesis Research/ survey report Personal communication Newspapers, magazine, etc

Books

New books are based on the past knowledge Books available are limited Useful for definition and broad view of a topic Language in the books: Bahasa Indonesia and English

Articles in the journals

More recent knowledge, can be the latest findings Limited availability Limited accessibility Accredited journals Language

Symposium proceeding

Contain latest information/ finding Compilation of articles Usually only abstract limited information Limited availability

Web

May contain updated information Types

Official : government/organization Scientific : journals Commercial Junk web!

Be careful with the content !!!!

Thesis

May have latest finding/ theory The quality must be further examined Unpublished difficult to find

Research/ survey report

May have latest finding/ theory The quality must be further examined Most of them are unpublished difficult to find May belong to an organization need a long administrative procedures to obtain Be careful with the sponsorship of the research/ survey

Personal communication

Must be the expert/ outstanding person in the field Risk of bias (depend on the knowledge of the person) Should be crossed-checked with other sources

Newspaper/ magazine

Popular articles Sometimes, its based on scientific journals Must be handled with care Can be a good source of idea

Structure of Review

Introduction: identify and motivate topic. Main Body:

Summarise each piece of work. Give critical analysis. Compare and contrast.

Conclusion:
What is state of the field? Where next?

Bibliography: list all (and only) papers cited.

Critical reading

Should not simply accept that everything read as 'true'. Should adopt a skeptical, analytical approach and questions: how credible is the author- is she/ he an acknowledged expert in the subject area? is the writer biased or is there a balanced approach to the subject? does the introduction clearly indicate the nature and scope of the article? are the main points of the article easily identified? is the material up-to-date or is some or all of the material no longer relevant? is the writing style appropriate for the target audience and does it use appropriate vocabulary? would you recommend that others read this article?

Always have questions in mind when reading

What are the aims and objectives of the work? What was achieved? What claims are being made? Is the supporting evidence convincing? Where will my project fit in?

Task
Work in a group Choose 1 reference to be criticized