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Op Amps
Previously in ET1 we investigated the Operational Amplifier. The Op Amp consisted of
Feedback Loop
V out
OV
OV
It is possible to tell if an Op Amp is Inverting or Non-Inverting by the location of V in. If it went to the positive terminal of the Op Amp then the circuit was Non Inverting and vice versa.
Op amps as Comparators
When using the Op Amp in this format we need to consider the value of the Supply Rails it is connected to. The values of the inputs at the + and - terminals then determine if V out would be positive or negative.
+9V +9V
V out
B
-9 V
-9 V
voltage
time
If a voltage signal varies at the switching threshold of an Invertor it can cause it to burn out.
V out
V in V non - inv
V out
V in
0V
0V
Switching thresholds
Switching Thresholds
The switching threshold of a Schmitt Trigger does not have to be the same as the voltage rails available. In the diagram below we can see that resistors have been added to create a Potential Divider. By selecting the correct values of these resistor we can change the Switching Threshold of the Op Amp (the value of V non inv). Two resistors
+ 14 V + 14 V
V in
V non - inv
+ - 12 V
V out
10 k
10 + 50 V non inv = 10
+ V
+ V
V ref
V out
V in Vp
0V 0V