BAB 2

Hubungan individu dengan diri sendiri

Latar belakang ilmu tingkahlaku

Kajian-kajian awal tentang individu oleh ahli psikologi Psikologi strukturalisme berhubung aspek WHAT & HOW Psikologi fungsionalisme mengkaji aspek WHY- contohnya: Freud (Id..), Skinner (Behavior reinforcement theory), Maslow (need)

Ilmu tingkahlaku
Sikap Emosi Konsep-konsep kendiri Motivasi Komunikasi intrapersonal

Sikap (attitude)

Statements that reflect values either favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects, people, or events Values-personal beliefs/preferences that guide behavior Model ABC Sikap terdiri daripada 3 komponen asas iaitu: Affective-merupakan perasaan fizikal yg menbentuk emosi/mood

Behavioral-mewakili keinginan untuk bertindak/berkelakuan Cognitive-merujuk kepada proses pemikiran Changes in any of the three components will result in an attitudes change Contoh: I like this class

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap

Sosial-keluarga, rakan, masyarakat Budaya-etnik,tradisi Pengalaman-kesan positif/negatif Idola-pengaruh seseorang/media Ekspektasi kerja-matlamat, majikan, rakan kerja

Emosi

Elemen perasaan (feeling) yang mmempengaruhi pemikiran dan kelakuan seseorangcontoh: takut, gembira Perasaan ini muncul berdasdarkan aktiviti/rangsangan yang berlaku di sekeliling kita Apabila perasaan ini diaktifkan, otak akan mentafsirkan apa yang berlaku samada secara rasional/tidak rasional

How we behave depends on how we feel??...think, think, think? IQ only determines 20% of success, other forces contribute 80%...EQ is one of them Emotional imbalance: when we inhibit the expression of certain emotions.contoh: crying-only for kids, for grown-ups-a sign of weakness emoticons

Factors that shape our emotions

Temperament-an individuals style of expressing needs & emotions (could be genetics or nurtured) Subconscious mind-warehouse of forgotten/blocked memories, experiencesthe sub is active and influential in decision making Cultural conditioning-what we hear and see so often can be mistaken as realitycontoh: rich= happy, win=best, women who are not married=taboo

How to achieve emotional control?

1.

2.

Identify your emotional patterns-might discover that much of our behavior often influenced by irrational thinking Fine-tune your emotional style-contoh: Take charge of your emotions, share/express Feelings are manifested in actions

Konsep kendiri

Self-concept-the attitude, belief, judgement and perception about the self What is self?-all things that are part of I and Me Ideal-self?-what we would like to be Self-concept also called:
Self-esteem Self-image

Having a positive self-concept is part of emotional intelligence

Self-esteem
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

A persons overall sense of self worth or personal value Your opinion of yourself High self-esteem is a good opinion of yourself & low self esteem is a bad opinion of yourself Self-esteem is influenced by:Job/occupation Self image Personality How do we see our strengths & weaknesses Social status

Komponen penting dalam pembentukan SE

Self-awareness-mengenali/memahami diri sendiri Self-acceptance-menerima diri sendiri Self-efficacy-keyakinan yang anda mampu untuk mencapai apa yang ingin dilakukan Self-respect-apa yang anda fikir/rasa tentang diri sendiri

Maintaining a positive self-concept

Recognize mistakes & interpret them as opportunity to learn and grow Reward yourself Monitor self-talk Develop a plan

Do you like what you see in the mirror?

Johari window
A concept that demonstrate selfawareness and self-disclosure Allows us to know ourselves better, as well as the people around us How much we know, how much we show Self-disclosure-letting others know what is real about ones thoughts, desires and feelings

Four frames: 1. Open 2. Blind 3. Hidden 4. Unknown Which frame is largest?

Motivation
1. 2. 3.

Derived from a Latin word movere = to move Motivation refers to three parts: An internal need exists Action taken to satisfy the need Feeling of satisfaction afterwards

Two types of motivation

Intrinsic motivation- inner drive, when you are motivated from withincontoh, belajar untuk mendalami ilmu Extrinsic motivation- when you expected something in return.contoh,belajar untuk ijazah semata

Most studies on motivation seek to answer two questions: 1. How do I motivate myself? 2. How do I motivate others? Foundation to these questions are largely interrelated with the self-concepts Among motivation theories: Maslows hierarchy of need, McGregors X&Y, Herzbergs Twofactor

Komunikasi intrapersonal

Bagaimana seseorang itu melihat dan memberi maklumbalas terhadap diri sendiri Melibatkan perasaan, pemikiran, emosi.. Individu memainkan kedua-dua peranan sebagai sumber/penyampai dan penerima mesej melalui saluran (contoh, otak, hati, deria, nilai..) Menghantar maklumbalas (contoh, menangis, tersenyum, menjerit)

Pengaruh komunikasi intrapersonal

Perasaan Peranan Nilai Kapasiti intelektual Personaliti Penampilan diri