DSDMAC protocol for Wireless ad hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas

Under the guidance of Prof . Aravind Kumar Professor Dept of ECE SJCIT, chickballapur

presented by: santhosh Kumar D K IV sem DECS

Different problems using MAC protocol

Hidden terminal problem Exposed terminal problem Deafness Asymmetry in gain Antenna model Effect of mobility on MAC protocol

HIDDEN TERMINAL
D: destination node S : source node Ah:Area In Which Hidden Terminals May Exist

DEAFNESS

S:source Node D: destination Node

Directional antenna model

BUSY TONE SIGNAL

BT: busy tone

Related work
Non busy tone based protocols. Busy tone based protocols.

Non busy tone based protocols

DMAC( directional medium access control). MMAC(multi hop RTS MAC). Directional virtual carrier sensing

DMAC( directional medium access control)

Uses omnidirectional transmission for handshaking operation & uses pre sector blocking mechanism. After successful handshaking ACK & data signals are sent in the direction in which maximum power is received. Limitations: requires more power for omnidirectional transmission, deafness is not solved

Multi hop MAC protocol

all packets including RTS/CTS uses directional transmission (DRTS/DCTS). listen in an omnidirectional mode while they are idle. The deafness problem still exists as not all neighboring nodes can receive the DRTS and DCTS

Directional Virtual Carrier Sensing protocol

Uses a steerable antenna system to point at any specified direction. Each node maintains a list of neighbors and their directions based on the address of arrival (AoA) of any sensed signal. The AoA information is used to directly beam RTS packets to their destinations. The protocol handles some basic functions required to support the directional antenna, and it cannot handle the hidden-terminal and deafness problems.

Busy tone based protocols

Tone DMAC DBTMA/DA(dual busy tone multiple acces with directional antennas)

Tone Based DMAC[Tone DMAC]

uses two separated channels, i.e., a data channel and a control channel. the data channel is used to transmit the RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK packets, the control channel is used to transmit a busy-tone signal. A unique busy tone is assigned to each wireless node When a source node has data to transmit, it transmits a directional RTS packet toward its destination The destination node in response replies with a directional CTS packet back to the source node. The source and destination nodes continue with exchanging the actual data at the specified directions. In the meantime, they omnidirectionally transmit a busy tone. If the source node detects a busy tone rather than receive a CTS packet, it then concludes a deafness situation.

DBTMA/DA(dual busy tone multiple access with directional antennas)

The communication first starts with a DRTS/DCTS packet exchange in a directional manner. The redundant busy tone signal would serve as another way to inform other nodes of the ongoing transmission in case they missed the DCTS packet. The deafness problem, which degrades the performance of the protocol. Dual-Busy-Tone Multiple Access with Directional Antennas (DBTMA/DA) As in the original DBTMA, the DBTMA/DA uses two distinctive busy tones: a transmitters busy tone (BTt) and a receivers busy tone (BTr). The receiver turns on its BTr upon receiving the RTS packet, whereas the transmitter turns on its BTt upon receiving the CTS packet. Therefore, hidden terminals are notified after the CTS is being transmitted by the receiving node, leading to a large gap during which several collisions may occur

DUAL SENSING DIRECTIONAL MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL PROTOCOL

Randomly picked snapshot from simulation runs showing node distribution in the wireless network

NETWORK SIMULATOR
NS2 is the protocol simulation & verification tool

ANIMATION RESULTS on NS2 Network Animator

REFERENCES

T. ElBatt and A. Ephremides, Joint scheduling and power control for wireless

ad hoc networks, in Proc. 2002 IEEE INFOCOM.

I. Rubin, A. Behzad, and A. Mojibi-Yazdi, Distributed power controlled medium access control for wireless ad hoc networks, in Proc. 2003 IEEE Comput. Commun. Workshop. A. Behzad, I. Rubin, and J. Hsu, On the performance of the randomized power control algorithms for random multiple access in wireless networks, in Proc. 2005 IEEE Wireless Commun. Netw. Conf., vol. 2, pp. 707711. A. Behzad and I. Rubin, Optimum integrated link scheduling and power control for multihop wireless network, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.56, no. 1, pp. 19420, Jan. 2007.

Thank you