THERMAL POWER PLANT

A PRESENTATION BY K.BHANU PRAKASH REG NO:11013710

INTRODUCTION

In Andhra 45% of total power is generated by the Thermal Power Stations. APGENCO Thermal Power Project of vijayawada thermal power station(VTPS). It is situated at village Ebherampatnam In Vijayawada. Its total capacity is 210 MW as at present with six units and 500MW with one unit working with capacity. Having six unit of 6x 210 MW = 1260MW & 1x 500=500MW Through generation at DR.NTTPS is 1760MW

MECHANICAL DESIGN
Boiler. Furnace. Turbine. Super Heater & Re- Heater. PA,FD & ID Fan. Cooling Tower

Introduction to Boiler

Enclosed Pressure Vessel Heat generated by Combustion of Fuel is transferred to water to become steam Process: Evaporation
Steam volume increases to 1,600 times from water and produces tremendous force Boiler to be extremely dangerous equipment. Care is must to avoid explosion.

Boiler Systems

Water treatment system Feed water system Steam System Blow down system Fuel supply system Air Supply system and Flue gas system

Boiler Types and Classifications

Fire in tube or Hot gas through tubes and boiler feed water in shell side Fire Tubes submerged in water Application Used for small steam capacities ( upto 12000 kg/hr and 17.5kg/cm2
Merits Low Capital Cost and fuel Efficient (82%) Accepts wide & load fluctuations Steam pressure variation is less (Large volume of water) Packaged Boiler

Fire Tube Boiler

Boiler Types and Classifications

Water flow through tubes Water Tubes surrounded by hot gas Application Used for Power Plants Steam capacities range from 4.5120 t/hr
Characteristics High Capital Cost Used for high pressure high capacity steam boiler Demands more controls Calls for very stringent water quality

Water Tube Boiler

Pulverized Fuel Boiler

Coal is pulverised to a fine powder, so that less than 2% is +300 microns, and 70-75% is below 75 microns. Coal is blown with part of the combustion air into the boiler plant through a series of burner nozzles. Combustion takes place at temperatures from 1300-1700C Particle residence time in the boiler is typically 2-5 seconds One of the most popular system for firing pulverized coal is the tangential firing using four burners corner to corner to create a fire ball at the center of the furnace. See Figure Tangential firing

Thermal power Station Boiler

90% of coal-fired power boiler in the world is Pulverized type

Furnace

Chemical energy converted into heat of combustion products Temperature of the combustion products leaving the furnace and entering the convection should not exceed the softening temperature of the ash Leave the furnace at safe temperature which will not cause clinkering of the convection surfaces

TURBINE
Steam turbine is a rotating machine which converts heat energy of steam to mechanical energy.
The turbine is reaction condensing type tandem compound with throttle governing and regenerative system of feed water heating. It is coupled directly to generator . The turbine has one single flow HP one double flow of IP and double flow of LP cylinders. The HP,IP & LP rotors and the generator rotor are connected by rigid couplings.

210 MW LMW TURBINE

CONDENSER

DEAERATOR
Priciples of deaeration 1. The solubility of any gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid surface.

2. Solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases with increase in temperature of liquid.

OPERATION

Deaerator operates in two stages.

In first stage deaerating heater utilises steam for heating by spraying incoming water into an atmosphere of steam. The water heated within 2 degrees of saturation point. Virtually all of oxygen and CO2 are removed.

Functions of Deaerator:
1. To remove dissolved non condensible gases 2. To heat feed water. 3. To mix water and steam in controlled manner.

4. Protects boiler components from corrossion by removing gases.

5. Acts as storage vessel for BFPs. Elevation of the deaerator gives the required net positive suction head for the BFPs.

BOILER FEED PUMP

6 stage horizontal centrifugal pump of barrel casing design. Pump internals designed as cartridge which can be easily removed for maintenance without disturbing piping and alignment. Shafts sealed by mechanical seals at DE and NDE. Seals flushed with water in closed loop circulated through seal cooler. Clarified water used for seal cooler. Rotating part supported by journal and thrust bearings. Forced lubrication of bearings.

AIR PREHEATER
Air preheater is an auxiliary equipment for steam

generators. It is a heat exchanger that absorbs

waste heat from exit flue gas in boiler and transfers the heat to the cold air. In utility and process boilers it is used to heat the air required for combustion purpose and to dry and transport

coal.