Expressive Language Disorders in Children

Communication
There are 3 elements in this exchange, and all must be present:
1.Message 2.Message must be expressed 3.Message must be understood

Speech and Language

Speech
The motor act of communicating by articulating verbal expression

Language
The knowledge of a symbol system used for interpersonal communication.

Four domains of language

Phonology Grammar Semantics Pragmatics

PRAGMATIC PHONOLOGY Skill in actual use of language and the rules of cnversation The ability to produce and discriminate the specific sounds of a given language

DOMAIN OF LANGUAGE

SEMANTIC GRAMMAR

Organization of concept and the acquisition of Words themselves

The underlying rules that organize any specific language

 By age 3, most normal children have mastered the basic structures of their native language

Language disorders

Expressive language disorders

Receptive language disorders

WHAT IS EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER?

condition in which a person has difficulty expressing themselves with language, both in speech and writing.

Expressive language is the ability to express your ideas and thoughts to others

Types of Expressive Language Disorder

DEVELOPMENTAL No known cause ACQUIRED

Acquired later in life due to brain injury

In older adults and the elderly

Evident in children as they grow

EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER

Normal intelligence Normal hearing Good emotional relationships Normal articulation skills. Comprehension of speech is appropriate to the age of the child

Trouble finding the right word

Using noticeably less words and sentences

Limited and basic vocabulary

Repeating a speakers utterance

CLINICAL FEATURES

Using non-specific vocabulary such as this or thing

Difficulty with oral and written work and school assignments in older children

Relying on short, simple sentence construction

Inability to come to the point

Inability to start or hold a conversation

DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic Criteria for Expressive Language disorder

The score obtain form standardized individually administered measures of expressive language development are substantially below those obtained from standardized measures of both nonverbal intellectual capacity and receptive language development. The disturbance can be manifest clinically by symptoms that include having a markedly limited vocabulary, making errors in tense, or having difficulty recalling words or producing sentences with developmentally appropriate length or complexity.

 The difficulties with expressive language interfere with academic or occupational achievement or with social communication.

Criteria are not met for mixed receptiveexpressive language disorder or pervasive developmental disorder
If mental retardation, a speech motor or sensory deficit, or environmental deprivation is present, the language difficulties are in excess of those usually associated with these problems

Selective mutims

Mental retardation

Acquired aphasia or dysphasia

DIFFERENTIAL DIAOGNOSIS

Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder

Pervasive developmental disorder

PROGNOSIS
Related to the severity The developmental form of expressive language disorder generally has a good prognosis The acquired type of expressive language disorder has a prognosis that depends on the nature and location of the brain injury.

TREATMENT
Group or individual therapy sessions with a speech pathologist
School-based language intervention programs Assistance from special education teachers Teachers aide support for children with severe language disorders Speech pathology sessions combined with home programs that parents can use with their child.

CONCLUSION
Expressive language disorder is a language disorder/communication disorder that makes it difficult for individuals to express themselves in verbal communication There are two types of expressive language disorder which are developmental and acquired It can be treated with speech therapy

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