Phonetics

Centro Superior Cultural Y Turismo CSC&T Phonetics I Javier Avila Biebarach 4-762-1486 Professor : Cristela Saldaa 2013

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Introduction
It is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech, orin the case of sign languagesthe equivalent aspects of sign. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds or signs (phones): their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status.

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History
Phonetics was studied as early as 500 BC in the Indian subcontinent, with Pini's account of the place and manner of articulation of consonants in his 5th century BC treatise on Sanskrit. The major Indic alphabets today order their consonants according to Pini's classification. The Phoenicians are credited as the first to create a phonetic writing system, from which all major modern phonetic alphabets are now derived.

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The difference between phonetics and phonology

Phonology concerns itself with systems of phonemes, abstract cognitive units of speech sound or sign which distinguish the words of a language. Phonetics, on the other hand, concerns itself with the production, transmission, and perception of the physical phenomena which are abstracted in the mind to constitute these speech sounds or signs.

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Relation to Phonology
In contrast to phonetics, phonology is the study of how sounds and gestures pattern in and across languages, relating such concerns with other levels and aspects of language. Phonetics deals with the articulatory and acoustic properties of speech sounds, how they are produced, and how they are perceived. As part of this investigation, phoneticians may concern themselves with the physical properties of meaningful sound contrasts or the social meaning encoded in the speech signal (socio-phonetics) (e.g. gender, sexuality, ethnicity, etc.).

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Subfields
Phonetics as a research discipline has three main branches:

articulatory phonetics is concerned with the articulation of speech: The position, shape, and movement of articulators or speech organs, such as the lips, tongue, and vocal folds. acoustic phonetics is concerned with acoustics of speech: The spectro-temporal properties of the sound waves produced by speech, such as their frequency, amplitude, and harmonic structure. auditory phonetics is concerned with speech perception: the perception, categorization, and recognition of speech sounds and the role of the auditory system and the brain in the same.

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Transcription
Phonetic transcription is a system for transcribing sounds that occur in a language, whether oral or sign. The most widely known system of phonetic transcription, the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), provides a standardized set of symbols for oral phones.

The standardized nature of the IPA enables its users to transcribe accurately and consistently the phones of different languages, dialects, and idiolects. The IPA is a useful tool not only for the study of phonetics, but also for language teaching, professional acting, and speech pathology.

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Illustrations

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Conclusion
Phonetics is a very important branch of the general subject called linguistics which is the one that involves the study of all the languages. The importance of Phonetics is basically that if we don't pronounce the sounds in the right way, people wont be able to understand us, thats why we must be careful with the study of this subject.
Phonology and Phonetics are not the same, the first one is related to the changes in the letters or phonemes of a word and the second one is related to the changes in the sounds of a word.

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Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics#History http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/ https://www.google.com/search?q=phonetics&tb m=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=7ueyUrqtKp G5kQe2_oCIDQ&ved=0CEQQsAQ&biw=1366&bih= 642

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