Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Foundation/Geotechnical Engineering
Soil Mechanics Soil Engineering Rock Mechanics Geology Foundations Every civil engineering structure/building/bridge/dam/slope/ embankment founded on or below the surface of the earth
Geotechnical Engineering
Site Investigation & Field Testing Laboratory Testing & Test Interpretation
Engineering Design
SITE SAMPLING
Select Samples for Performance Testing Conduct Laboratory Testing Review Quality of Laboratory Testing Select Material Properties
Engineering Design
Perform Design (Design Engineer has necessary information related to soil and rock properties to complete the design) Evaluating whether to employ cohesive or granular analysis/interpretation on physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock.
Engineering Evaluation
Bearing Capacity Settlement Shrink/ Swell Chemistry Scour Extreme Loading
Information Required
Soil Profile Shear Strength par. Compressibility Shrink/Swell Stress History Chemical Composition Seasonal Variation Unit weights Geologic Mapping
Field Testing
Vane Shaer Test SPT (granular Soil) CPT Rock Coring Nuclear Density Plate Load Test Geophysics testing
Laboratory Testing
1-D Oedometer test Direct shear test Triaxial tests Grain Size distribution Atterbergs pH, Resistivity Mc Unit Weight Organic Content Rock Uniaxial compr Point Load Strength test 1-D Oedometer test Direct shear test Triaxial tests Grain Size distribution Atterbergs pH, Resistivity Mc Unit Weight Organic Content Rock Uniaxial compr Point Load Strength test Slake Durability Friction Test
Deep Foundation
Pile End bearing Pile Skin Friction Settlement Lateral Earth pressures Scour Extreme Loading Vibration Presence of Boulders
Soil Profile Shear Strength par. Compressibility Shrink/Swell Stress History Chemical Composition Seasonal Variation Unit weights Geologic Mapping Horizontal Earth Pressure Friction parameters
SPT (granular Soiis Pile Load Test CPT Vane Testing Piezometer Rock Coring(RQD) Geophysics testing
Utilities Overhead lines Gas lines Manholes Power/Sewer lines Electromagnetic readings
Equipments Used
Pits & Trenches (pick axes & shovels) To determine structures of complex formations, obtain samples To Locate soils/rock seams To obtain rock and determine rock properties
Percussion Rigs
Rotary Rigs Auger Boring Piezometer Plate Load test Dynamic Cone Penetrometer test
In soil and soft rock; to identify geologic units & water content To extract water and determine water properties Determine settlement and modulus characteristics of soil
To assess relative density of underlying soils
ROTARY RIG
Type of Tests
Field Tests Standard Pen. Tests (SPT) Cone Pen. Tests (CPT) Vane Test (c, ) Plate Load Test Geophysical Test Pile Load Test Piezometer Test Dynamic Cone Pen. Test
Type of Tests
Laboratory Tests Direct Shear Tests 1-D Consolidation Test Triaxial Test Grain size distribution Atterbergs Limits pH tests Unit Weight Organic Content Rock Uniaxial Test Swell Tests Point Load Strength Test Moisture content Test
Settlement Estimation
From Oedometer Consolidation tests results, probable settlement estimation are made using the relationship; Sf = Mv Ho k = Cv Mv Yw Where: Mv = coefficient of volume compressibility, = effective stress and Ho = thickness of compressible layer below
foundation
Permeability Characteristics
K = C (d10)2 = Cv Mv 0.31x10-9 = d(10)2/100 m/s
where k = Permeability coefficient C = coefficient ranging from 0.4 1.2 from grain size distribution D10 = effective grain size passing 10% on graph Consolidation test could also be used to determine k.
END OF PRESENTATION