Professional Documents
Culture Documents
September 7, 2006
Class Objectives
Define the concept of social norms. Address the following questions: When do norms have the greatest influence on behavior? How and why are norms perceived and misperceived?
You cut into the middle of a line by yourself and stayed in line for at least 2 minutes? You sang loudly on a public bus? You positioned yourself 6 inches from an acquaintances nose during a conversation? You laughed during a funeral?
How would other people behave? How would you feel?
(1) Norms
Definition: Group norms are the informal rules that groups adopt to regulate group members behavior. Sanctions exist to punish those who do not comply. We can identify norms when they are violated:
Wait for your turn. Remain quiet on the bus. Maintain interpersonal distance. Assume a somber demeanor during a funeral.
How do norms form and what happens when these norms are broken?
Results (Individuals)
Individuals established a personal norm that guided their judgments about how far the light was moving. Each individual had their own estimate of distance based on their personal experience.
Question: Would each individuals judgments become more similar when making estimates as a group?
The group formed a new estimate of how far the light was moving that was unique to the group and different from the judgment of each individual. Over time the group agreed on how far the light move despite the fact that the light never actually moved at all.
Injunctive norm: People should litter or they should not litter. Descriptive norm: The parking garage is littered or it is not littered.
Prediction 1:
Subjects who saw the confederate litter into the fully littered environment would litter more than those who did not see such littering.
Prediction 2:
Subjects who saw the confederate litter into the clean environment would be less likely to litter than those who did not see such littering.
Results
Confederate threw the handbill into the littered environment, thus calling attention to the descriptive norm:
IT IS OK TO LITTER HERE!
Results (continued)
Confederate threw the handbill into the clean environment, thus calling attention to the descriptive norm:
IT IS NOT OK TO LITTER HERE!
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Implications
Norms have a powerful influence on behavior when people are focused on the norms in a given situation.
What are different strategies for calling attention to a norm? (E.g. Shoes in someones entry hall during a party).
Pluralistic Ignorance
Definition: Individuals make systematic errors in their perceptions of the other members of a collective and their relation to those members. In other words,
No one believes, but everyone thinks that everyone else believes.
Are there any widely shared beliefs at ILR that might reflect pluralistic ignorance? How would you know?
The group has a reality above and beyond the individuals that compose it.
A college campus can be more pro-alcohol than its students. Two campuses can differ on their attitudes toward alcohol even if their students do not. Norms on campus can change even if the attitudes of its students have not.
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