Gear

defination Gear & wheel Advantages & disadvantages of gear. Types of gear Terminology Gear trains

Gear are used to transmit motion from one shaft to another or between a shaft and a slide .

Gears use no intermediate link . It transmit motion by direct contact . Two bodies have either a rolling or a sliding motion along the tangent . No motion is possible along the common normal .

If power transmitted between two shaft is small, motion between them may be obtained by using two pin cylinder or disk 1 and 2 as shown in figure given below .

As the power transmitted increases, slip occurs between the discs and the motion no longer remains definite . To remove slipping the wheel provided teeth A toothed wheels is called gears The motion of gears is equivalent to the friction wheels .

It It It It It

transmit exact velocity ratio . may be used to transmit large powers has high efficiency. has reliable service . has compact layout

The manufacture of gears require special tools and equipment The error in cutting teeth may cause vibration and noise during operation .

Teeth is parallel to axis of rotation Transmit power from one shaft to another parallel shaft Used in Electric screwdriver, oscillating sprinkler, windup alarm clock, washing machine and clothes dryer

An external gear is one with the teeth formed on the outer surface of a cylinder or cone.

Conversely, an internal gear is one with the teeth formed on the inner surface of a cylinder or cone.

The teeth on helical gears are cut at an angle to the face of the gear This gradual engagement makes helical gears operate much more smoothly and quietly than spur gears One interesting thing about helical gears is that if the angles of the gear teeth are correct, they can be mounted on perpendicular shafts, adjusting the rotation angle by 90 degrees

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational motion into linear motion. A circular gear called the pinion engages teeth on a linear "gear" bar called "the rack . rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the rack to move linearly, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion into the linear motion of the rack.

It

is Special case of a spur gear where it is made of infinite diameter so that the pitch surface is a plane . It is used in a lathe in which the rack transmits motion to the saddle .

A double helical gear is equivalent to a pair of helical gears secured together, one having a right hand helix and the other a left hand helix The teeth of the two rows are separated by a groove used for tool run out. Axial thrust of the two rows of teeth cancel each other .

These can be run at high speeds with less noise and vibration

If the left and right inclinations of a double helical gear meet at a common apex and there is no groove in between, the gear is known as herringbone gears.

Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or hypoid locomotives, marine applications, automobiles, printing presses, cooling towers, power plants, steel plants, railway track inspection machines, etc.

The

teeth are straight, radial to the point of intersection of the shaft axes and vary in cross section throughout their length . Miter gears are mating bevel gears with equal numbers of teeth and with axes at right angles. Use roller shutter door.

spiral bevel gear is a bevel gear with helical teeth . There exists an axial thrust.
bevel gears spiral bevel gears with curved teeth but with a zero degree spiral angle .
Zero

Gears are the most common means of transmitting power in mechanical engineering. Gear or wheel. The larger of two interacting gears. Pinion. The smaller gear in a pair.

Base circle : It is a circle from which involute form is generated. Only the base circle on a gear is fixed and unalterable. Base pitch (pb): It is the distance from one face of a tooth to the corresponding face of an adjacent tooth on the same gear, measured along the base circle. Sometimes called the 'normal pitch'.

Pitch is the distance between a point on one tooth and the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth. Pitch circle. A circle, centered on and perpendicular to the axis, and passing through the pitch point. Sometimes also called the 'pitch line', although it is a circle.
Pitch diameter (D). Diameter of a pitch circle. The nominal gear size is usually the pitch diameter.

Circular pitch (p). The distance from one face of a tooth to the corresponding face of an adjacent tooth on the same gear, measured along the pitch circle.
Diametral pitch (Pd). The ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch diameter. Module (m). The module of a gear is equal to the pitch diameter divided by the number of teeth.

Addendum : The radial distance from the pitch surface to the outermost point of the tooth. Dedendum : The radial distance from the depth of the tooth to the pitch surface.

A point of contact is any point at which two tooth profiles touch each other. The pitch point is the point of tangency of two pitch circles and is on the line of centers.

The line of action is also called path of action.

It is the straight line passing through the pitch point and tangent to both base circles.

Bottom land is the surface at the bottom of a gear tooth space adjoining the fillet. Top land is the (sometimes flat) surface of the top of a gear tooth.

A gear train is two or more gear working together by meshing their teeth and turning each other in a system to generate power and speed It reduces speed and increases torque Electric motors are used with the gear systems to reduce the speed and increase the torque

Simple gear train Compound gear train Reverted gear train Planetary or epicyclic gear train The most common of the gear train is the gear pair connecting parallel shafts. The teeth of this type can be spur, helical or herringbone. Only one gear may rotate about a single shaft axis.

Simple Gear Train

For large velocities, compound arrangement is preferred Two or more gears may rotate about a single axis

If

the axes of the first and the last wheels of a compound gear coincide, it is called a reverted gear train .
Such

an arrangement is used in clocks and in simple lathes where back gear is used to give a slow speed to the chuck.

A gear train having a relative motion of axes is called a planetary or an epicyclic gear train

Important application of epicyclic gears are in transmission, computing devices, wrists watches, hoists, back gear of lathe etc.