INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

ON

ALCATEL GSM-BTS

BY: VIVEK KUMAR SINGH

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF MR. A.N.SINGH

ITI,RAE-BARELI:
The Rae-Bareli Unit of ITI set up in 1973, has been continuously upgrading to new technologies. Today , the unit produces electronic and mechanical equipments like :

GSM BTS (Collaboration with ALCATEL FRANCE) Tower and Shelter for BSNL CDMA Handsets SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)

GSM Network Structure

Network Structure

HLR/ AUC VLR

BTS MS

BBSCC

MSC

EIR SMS

OMC

Mobile Station (MS):

Equipment used by mobile service subscribers

for access to services.

Base Station Controller ( BSC ) :

Managing Wireless network-BSS

Monitoring BTS

Mobile Service Switching Center ( MSC ):

holds all the switching functions Inter-working with other networks (IWF)

MANUFACTURING OF GSM-BTS

DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS FOR MANUFACTURING GSM-BTS:

SMT (Surface Mount Technology) ICT (Internal Circuit Testing) Card Testing BTS System Testing

By

S. S. Bist

INTRODUCTION

Surface mount technology (SMT) is the practice and method of attaching leaded and

nonleaded electrical components to the surface of a conductive pattern that does not utilizes leads in feed through holes. Surface mount technology is the latest trend in electronics manufacturing.

NEED FOR SMT

The need of SMT arises due to the following factors:

Miniaturization of Circuits Circuit Performance Reliability Lowering Cost of Manufacturing Reducing Time To Market

SMT PROCESS
The SMT Process consists of following machines:

Loader Screen Printer SMT Line- Europlacer, France SMT Line- Fuji, Japan Reflow Oven Deloader Manual Testing BGA Rework Station

SCREEN PRINTER

The PCB is Loaded to the Screen Printer Machine through Loader Deposited the solder paste on PCB through stencils. Different types of stencils are used for different PCBs

SMT LINE
There are two types of SMT Lines:
o SMT LINE- Europlacer, France:-

Pick and Place machine: EP400 and EP600 (Europlacer) Line Speed: 10000 cph (max. Rated speed) Feeder Capacity: 144 of 8 mm tape

SMT LINE

o SMT LINE- FUJI, Japan

Pick and Place : XP143E & XP243E Line Speed : 90000 CPH

Feeder Capacity : 440 of 8 mm Tape + 20 trays

Europlacer Line

FUJI XP Line

FUJI XP LINE
In Fuji Line, five pick and place machine are

connected in series. This is the new technology after Europlacer line. These machines pickup the suitable components and place these components at suitable places as per given to the machine through progra-ming. The five pick and place machines which are in series are placed according to the size of components.

OVEN:

Mostly two types of ovens are used in industries one is the Reflow oven and other one is the infrared oven.

In present days, mostly Reflow ovens are used.

REFLOW OVEN
In this type of oven, heaters and air both are

present. Hence hot air is present in this oven. Due to this the continuous heating takes place. There are 12 zones in reflow oven. From starting zone to zone 9, the temperature increases and then in last three zones, the temperature decreases. In this process the board on which the paste was applied & components were placed is passed through a Reflow oven.

REFLOW OVEN
A Reflow oven is used so that the paste

applied by the printer earlier in the process is heated up above the melting temperature of the solder paste at which the solder binds with the compo-nents & soldering takes place.

TESTING
The process which plays important role in a SMT/ Electronic Manufacturing process is Testing. On the basis of the type of Inspection & testing process it can be categorized into two types

Manual Automatic

AUTOMATIC TESTING
On the basis of the testing type testing is classified into two categories:
o In Circuit Testing o Functional Testing

CARD TESTING
For testing the different types of cards,

different types of testing machines are used. This is the type of testing which is done to check the functionality of whole of the circuitry. During this testing all the power supplies inputs & output processors are connected to the board. Then the input processors give input to the circuit & output processor reads output & analyzes how the circuit is behaving according to the input.

BTS SYSTEM TESTING

Basically this is a rack type structure in which BTS and different types of modules (combination of cards) are used. In this, we check the hanger is properly working or not. Basically, in system testing, we test the RF parameters. The BTS is working at -48 volts dc power supply.

BTS-SITE INFORMATION
ROOM FOR BTS / SHELTER
AC POWER SUPPLY DC POWER SUPPLY (SMPS) GENERATOR AIR CONDITIONING ANTISTATIC FLOOR EARTHING , SURGE ARRESTER ANTENNA, TOWER, FEEDER

CABLE,JUMPPER.

BTS RACKS

GSM-BTS FREQUENCY BAND

GSM 850
GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900 MULTIBAND 900/1800 & 900/1900.

In India GSM 900 and GSM 1800 bands are used

GSM 900 FREQUENCY BAND

Frequency band of GSM 900 are given below Uplink : 890- 915 MHz Downlink : 935- 960 MHz BS : 890- 915MHz (RX) : 935- 960MHz (TX) MS : 890- 915MHz (TX) : 935- 960MHz (RX) Frequency band= 915-890= 25 MHz & spacing = 200 kHz = 0 .2 MHz Hence, total no. of frequencies= 25/0.2= 125

GPON:
GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
It is a point-to-multipoint local access network GPON not only provides substantially higher

efficiency as a transport network, but also delivers simplicity and superb scalability for future expansion in supporting additional services. GPON also offers the lowest cost for all modes of operation.

Wireless Technology
There are various wireless technologies which are given below 2G GSM: Data Rate : 14.6Kbps 2.5G GSM: Data rate : 114 kbps 3G/UMTS: Data rate : 2Mbps HSPA: Data rate : Up to 14 Mbps 3G LTE : Data rate : 50Mbps 4G: Data Rate : 1Gbps Wi-MAX Wi-Fi

CONCLUSION:
The successful implementation of the project to

expand internet services equipments of MTNL is a significant step. The CDMA-WLL (Wireless in local loop) turnkey project that ITI has completed for TCIL in Afghanistan is a boost to the companys export business. The main objective of the training is to get practical knowledge about the various functional departments of the company. Mainly the production process and other departments of the company are concentrated.

BIBLIOGRAPGHY
Training & Development: Concepts & Applications, Ane Books, New Delhi, 2006
Annual report of ITI (2008-2009)

WEBSITES: www.itiltd-india.com/ www.itiltd-india.com/upload/rbli.html http://www.docstoc.com/docs/29453893/ITILimited-Raebareli http://courses.ind.in/iti-ltd-raebareli