Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Beatriz Medina Zenzano /Susana Morales Bernal /Nuria Muoz Navarro Eva Mrquez Zayas /Sonia Menchn Arqus
Contents
1. Definition of Sociolinguistics 2. Origins and main figures
3. Areas of Sociolinguistics
4. Language and gender 5. An instance of empirical studies 6. Conclusion
1.DEFINITION OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Descriptive study how society influences language
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of, including cultural, expectations, and context, on the way is used, and the effects of language use on society. The focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, () It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc (...). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguistics).
Sociolinguistic investigation language study within social context (Trudgill) The aim of sociolinguistic investigation is to achieve a further progress in the knowledge of nature and the operation of human language by the study of language in its social context. Besides, all Sociolinguistics is language and society but, however, not all language and society are Sociolinguistics (Trudgill, 2000).
phenomenon.
It studies language in its social context, in real life situations by
empirical investigation.
It is related to methodology and contents of social sciences.
Sociolinguistics has its roots in dialectology, historical linguistics, and language contact with considerable influence from sociology and psychology (Koerner 1991: 65). This is why it has evolved into an exceptionally broad field. (Sali A. Tagliamonte, 2012).
Origins focused on: 1. The structure of langue/parole & the diachronic/synchronic suggested by Ferdinand de Saussure:
Langue/Parole Internal Linguistics / Microlinguistics (phonology, morphology, syntax) Diachronic/Synchronic External Linguistics/ Macrolinguistics (acquisition-use of language and culture-society-language connection)
According to Trudgill
Macrolinguistics focused on the study of the language (large-scale - group behaviour). Microlinguistics focused on the description-analysis of languages (small groups).
Sociological methodology with theoretical implications for Linguistics His study based on empirical work in social context Objective mechanism of linguistic changes & structure of linguistic systems
William Labov
The first one to put into practice the area of sociolinguistics in the United States.
Anthropological linguistics: Its objective is to study in depth the knowledge of the social structure of communities. Ethnography of ommunication: It focuses on the role that language plays in the communicative conduct of communities from the different cultures in their different ways of manifestation (styles, dialects and languages).
Discourse analysis: The study of texts and conversational interaction -textual linguistic -conversational analysis
Geolinguistics: Mixture among secular linguistics, dialectology and human geography. Focuses on the geographical distribution of linguistics.
Dialectology: The academic study of dialects and the geographical distribution of these dialects. Secular linguistics: Carried out by empirical works. The objectives of this discipline are similar to the ones of linguistics
Change (LVC).
Origins: Labovian Sociolinguistics, Quantitative
Different perspective
Influenced by Feminism
Sex Biological, physiological differences between women and men. Gender Used to establish that distinction BUT in terms of social
Sociolinguistics more concerned with the concept of gender. ANALYSING differences between women and men in relation to
such as:
Regarding vocabulary
SEXIST LANGUAGE, NOT NEUTRAL-GENDER Denoting inequality through language : influenced by sexist society. EXAMPLES: In Spanish use of adjectives cojonudo (good) coazo (boring). In English Title names: Male Mr / Female Mrs, Miss, Ms.
Para ver esta pelcu la, de be disponer de QuickTime y de un descompresor TIFF (sin comprimir).
challenged.
A relationship among language, gender, and discourse genre has previously been observed in informal, spoken interaction and formal, written texts. This study investigates the language/gender/genre relationship in weblogs, a popular new mode of computer-mediated communication (CMC).
Conclusion:
Language in men's and women's blogs will often differ:
Men's blogs are more likely to appear on 'A-lists' of most popular weblogs (Kennedy, Robinson and Trammell, 2005) - this recalls the traditional stigma associated with 'gossip' and women's writing (Spender, 1989), and reminds us that genres are socially constructed.
Hence: the final result of weblogs is directly related with the producers genre but the study also suggests it is necessary a deeper survey in CMC research .
Conclusion
Basically Sociolinguistics deals with language-society relationships and its study is based on empirical analysis from real life social context. Saussure and Chomsky concepts put somehow the origins of Sociolinguistics, although the development would come later , first with Labov and later with Trudgill. We have found different directions of Sociolinguistics such as Dialectology or Social psychology of language (in the direction of Labov and Trudgill surveys). It was interesting to have a brief idea of how the relationship between language and gender is studied within the field of Sociolinguistics, and how it is powerfully connected with Feminism. To end up with this overview on Sociolinguistics it was necessary to offer a small inside into recent empirical work on the subject.
References
Chambers, J.K., Trudgill, P. & Schilling-Estes, N. (eds.) (2002) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell. Hernndez Campoy, J.M (1993) Sociolingstica Britnica. Barcelona: Octaedro. Hernndez Campoy, J.M & Almeida M. (2005) Metodologa de la investigacin sociolingstica. Granada: Comares. Herring, Susan C. & Paolillo, John C. (2006). Gender and genre variation in weblogs in Journal of Sociolinguistics, 10(4), 439-459. Bloomington: Indiana University. Sali A.l Tagliamonte (2012). Variationist Sociolinguistics, Observation, Interpretation. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Trudgill, P. (2000) Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. London: Penguin. Hernndez Campoy, J.M. (1993) Sociolingstica Britnica. Barcelona: Octaedro.
Web references http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguistics http://www.uni-giessen.de/genderproject/?p=205 (Language and Gender: Sociolinguistic and Quantitative Perspectives - Svetla Rogatcheva) http://alvarogomezcastro.overblog.es/pages/ESTUDIOS_SOBRE_LENGUAJE_Y_GENERO1786685.html