PENDAHULUAN LABORATORY ACTIVITY FISIOLOGI FBS VI (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)

Widayanti,dr., M.Kes

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Secrete their products (hormones) to the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells rather into duct, diffused into the blood in small level

CLASSIFICATION
Depend

Chemical Classes of Hormones : Lipid Soluble Protein : Steroid, Thyroid Water Soluble Protein: Amines, Peptides and Protein hormones, Eicosanoid hormones

REGULATION OF HORMONES

Control of ADH Secretion

An increase in blood osmolality or decrease in blood volume affects neurons in the hypothalamus resulting in an increase in ADH release from the posterior pituitary

REGULATION OF PTH SECRETION

Decrease breakdown of bone Decreased PTH secretion Decreased reabsorption of Ca2+

Decrease synthesis of active vit. D decreased Ca2+ absorption

Increased Blood Ca2+detected by parathyroid cells

Decreased Blood Ca2+ detected by parathyroid

NORMAL LEVEL BLOOD Ca2+

Decreased blood Ca2+ Increased blood Ca2+

Increase breakdown of bone

Increased PTH secretion Increased reabsorption of Ca2+ Increase synthesis of active vit. D increased Ca2+ absorption

REGULATION OF ADRENAL MEDULLARY SECRETION

REGULATION OF CORTISOL SECRETION

1. CRH is released in response to stress or hypoglycemia and passes to the anterior pituitary 2. In the anterior pituitary CRH binds to and stimulates secretion of ACTH 3. ACTH binds to membranebound receptor and stimulates cortisol secretion

4. Cortisol inhibit CRH and ACTH secretion

REGULATION OF BLOOD NUTRIENT LEVELS AFTER

MEAL

Several hours after meal, absorption from the intestinal tract decreases, and blood levels of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids decrease. As a result, insulin secretion decreases, and glucagon, epinephrine, and GH secretion increase. Cell uptake of glucose decrease, and usage of fat and proteins increases

PREGNANCY TEST
Bahan Yang diperiksa urine wanita hamil Prinsip : Peningkatan Hormon HCG Metode : - MenggunakanStrip - Menggunakan Indikator Positif : Strip menjadi dua Indikator (+)

HORMONAL FACTORS IN PREGNANCY

The placenta forms : human chorionic gonadotropin estrogens, Progesterone human chorionic somatomammotropin

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells can first be measured in the blood 8 to 9 days after ovulation maximum at 10 - 12 weeks of pregnancy decreases back to a lower value by 16 - 20 weeks. It continues at this level for the remainder of pregnancy.

HCG

FUNCTION

is to prevent involution of the corpus luteum The corpus luteum involutes slowly after 13th to 17th week of gestation exerts an interstitial cellstimulating effect on the testes, resulting in the production of testosterone to grow male sex organs

SECRETION OF ESTROGENS BY THE PLACENTA

Secreted by the syncytial trophoblast cells Formed from androgenic steroid compounds which are formed in the mothers adrenal glands and in the adrenal glands of the fetus Converted by trophoblast cells into estradiol, estrone, and estriol

ESTROGEN FUNCTION DURING PREGNANCY

(1) enlargement of the mothers uterus (2) enlargement of the mothers breasts and growth of the breast ductal structure (3) enlargement of the mothers female external genitalia. (4) relax the pelvic ligaments (5) fetal development

PROGESTERONE FUNCTION DURING

PREGNANCY 1. Development of decidual cells, an important role in the nutrition of the early embryo. 2. Decrease the contractility of the pregnant uterus 3. Development of the conceptus even before implantation because it increases the secretions of the mothers fallopian tubes and uterus 4. Help estrogen prepare the mothers breasts for lactation

HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPIN

it begins to be secreted by the placenta at fifth week of pregnancy increases progressively in direct proportion to the weight of the placenta human placental lactogen (have functions similar to prolactin) similar to growth hormone, causing the formation of protein tissues causes decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased utilization of glucose in the mother, making larger quantities of glucose available to the fetus promotes the release of free fatty acids from the fat stores of the mother

Prolactin stimulates milk secretion human chorionic somatomammotropin supporting the prolactin Estrogen and progesterone inhibit the actual secretion of milk Oxytocin increase the contractility of the uterus near term

ALHAMDULILLAH