Ideal Oprational Ampifier

_
+
+
+
+
+
_
_ _ _
V
i
V
1
V
2
= V
1
V
o
i
1
i
2
=0
=0
(a) i
1
= i
2
= 0: Due to infinite input resistance.

(b) V
i
is negligibly small; V
1
= V
2.



18
Figure 8.9: Ideal op amp.
Basic Electric Circuits
Ideal Op Amp:
Find V
o
in terms of V
in
for the following configuration.
+
_
R
2
R
1
+
_
+
_
V
in
V
o
19 Figure 8.10: Gain amplifier op amp set-up.
Basic Electric Circuits
Ideal Op Amp:
+
_
R
2
R
1
+
_
+
_
V
in
V
o
a
V
i
Writing a nodal equation at (a) gives;
( )
2 1
) (
R
V V
R
V V
o i i in
+
=
+
20
Eq 8.6
Basic Electric Circuits
Ideal Op Amp:
( )
2 1
) (
R
V V
R
V V
o i i in
+
=
+
With V
i
= 0 we have;
With R
2
= 4 kO and R
1
= 1 kO, we have
in o
V V 4 =
21
Eq 8.7
in
V
R
R
V
1
2
0

=
Basic Electric Circuits
Ideal Op Amp:
Example 8.1: Consider the op amp configuration below.
+
+
+
_
_
_
3 V
V
in
6 kO
1 kO
V
0
a
Figure 8.11: Circuit for Example 8.1.
24
Assume V
in
= 5 V
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
+
+
+
_
_
_
3 V
V
in
6 kO
1 kO
V
0
a
At node a we can write;
( )
k
V
k
) V (
in
6
3
1
3
0
+
=
+
From which; V
0
= -51 V
25
Eq 8.10
Example 8.1 cont.
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.2: Summing Amplifier. Given the following:
R
fb
R
1
R
2
V
2
V
1
V
0
a
Figure 8.12: Circuit for Example 8.2.
fb
R
V
R
V
R
V
0
2
2
1
1

= +
Eq 8.11
26
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.2: Summing Amplifier. continued
Equation 8.11 can be expressed as;
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
2
1
1
0
V
R
R
V
R
R
V
fb fb
Eq 8.12
If R
1
= R
2
= R
fb
then,
| |
2 1 0
V V V + =
Eq. 8.13
Therefore, we can add signals with an op amp.
27
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.4: Isolation with gain.
+
_
_
_
+
+
20 kO
V
in
V
in
V
0
10 kO
10 kO
a
+
_
Figure 8.15: Circuit for Example 8.4:
30
Writing a nodal equation at point a and simplifying gives;
in
V V 2
0
=
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.5: The noninverting op amp.
Consider the following:
R
0
R
fb
V
0
V
2
_
+
+
_
a
+
_
Figure 8.16: Noninverting op am configuration.
31
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.5: The noninverting op amp. Continued
Writing a node equation at a gives;
2
0
0
0
2
0
0 2
0
2
1
,
1 1
0
) (
V
R
R
V
gives which
R R
V
R
V
so
R
V V
R
V
fb
fb fb
fb
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(
(

+ =
=

+
Remember this
32
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.6: Noninverting Input.
Find V
0
for the following op amp configuration.
+
_
+
+
_
_ 4 V
2 kO
6 kO
5 kO
10 kO
V
0
a
V
x
-
Figure 8.17: Op amp circuit for example 8.6.
33
Basic Electric Circuits
Operational Amplifiers
Example 8.6: Noninverting Input.
The voltage at V
x
is found to be 3 V.
Writing a node equation at a gives;
0
10 5
0
=

+
k
) V V (
k
V
x x
or
V V V
x
9 3
0
= =
34
End of Lesson 8
CIRCUITS
Operational Amplifiers