LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode (LTE-GU)

LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode (LTE->G/U)
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode 2. CS Interoperability
Page2
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode
1.1 Technical Overview and Basic Concepts
1.2 Measurement Configuration

1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.4 Redirection 1.5 Blind Handover 1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode
Page3
States of UE at Switch on
*
Idle Mode States of UE at Switch on Data Service Continuity Connection Mode
Related to interoperability which will be discussed in this course
PS HO CCO/NACC Redirection Voice Service Continuity CS FallBack SRVCC
Page4
Mobility Management Overview in Connection Mode

UE States Types Causes/Scenario
Frequencypriority-based Coverage-based
Execution
PS HO
SRVCC CCO/eNACC Redirection
Intra-frequency HO Connection Mode Inter-frequency HO Inter-RAT HO
Load-based UL-qualitybased Service-based
Distance-based
Discussed Not be discussed Discussing
SPID-based HO back to the HPLMN CSFB
Page5
Handover Procedure
Page7
Neighbor Relationship Management Overview
Neighbor relationships define the relationships between the serving cell and its neighboring cells, and they play a fundamental
role in handovers.
Neighbor relationships are planned in the network design stage. They are automatically adjusted by ANR which is enabled.
There are three types of neighboring cells

Types The Max Number of Ncell The Max Number of Nfrequency
Intra-frequency Ncell Inter-frequency Ncell Inter-RAT Ncell
64 64 128(UTRAN) 64(GERAN)
NA 8 16(UTRAN) 16(GERAN)
Page8
Priority of the Neighboring Cell
For normal handover, if the target system is E-UTRAN or UTRAN, the eNodeB preferentially selects the cells with parameters EUTRANINTRAFREQNCELL.CellMeasPriority, EUTRANINTERFREQNCELL.CellMeasPriority, or UTRANNCELL.CellMeasPriority setted as HIGH_PRIORITY.
For the blind handover, The candidate cells must be the neighboring cells with blindhandover priorities 0.
Page9
UE Capability

The MME may inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities.

If the MME does not inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities, the eNodeB initiates UE capability transfer over the radio interface to a UE, and the UE informs the eNodeB of the UE capabilities through the UE Capability Information IE.
at ion m r nf o lit y I i b a Cap
UE
eNB
UE
UE Capability Information Includes the UE CapabilityInformation -UE -CapabilityRAT-ContainerList --UE -E UTRA-Capability ---featureGroupIndicators --UE -E UTRA-Capability-v9a0 ---featureGroupIndRel9Add-r9 --UE -E UTRA-Capability-v1020 ---featureGroupIndRel10-r10
parameter
indicates whether the UE is capable of frequency-specific or RAT-specific measurements and handovers.
Page10
Contents

Page11
HO Measurement Configuration Overview
After a UE establishes a radio bearer, the eNodeB delivers the Measurement Configuration to the UE in an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.
The measurement configuration consists of
Measurement Objects Reporting Configurations Other Parameters

UE eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - measObjectToRemoveList - measObjectToAddModList - reportConfigToRemoveList - reportConfigToAddModList - measIdToRemoveList - measIdToAddModList - quantityConfig - measGapConfig - s-Measure
Page12
Measurement Configuration
After UE attachment, eNodeB sends RRC reconfiguration message which includes intra/intre-frequency/IRAT measurement control info which inform UE to perform intra/intrefrequency/IRAT measurement
It contains all intra/intrefrequency/IRAT measurement and report configuration, including A1(optional), A2(optional) and A3(mandatory) event.
Trace from eNodeB

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13
The Measurement Configuration for Inter-RAT HO
For inter- RAT HO, the measurement configuration includes:
Inter-RAT measurement object: UTRAN or GERAN Reporting configuration
Inter-RAT handover thresholds Hysteresis Time-to-trigger
Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN

Maximum number of cells to be reported Interval between reports The number of periodic measurement reports
Measurement quantity configuration Measurement gap configuration

Page14
Inter-RAT Measurement Object Overview
Measurement objects are the objects that UEs measure. Measurement

object information includes the target system, target frequency and target cell for a UE to measure, as well as the measurement bandwidth and frequency-specific offset if target system is EUTRAN.
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - measObjectToAddModList -- measObjectId -- measObject measObjectEUTRA --- carrierFreq --- allowedMeasBandwidth --- presenceAntennaPort1 --- neighCellConfig --- offsetFreq --- cellsToAddModList ---- cellIndex ---- physCellId ---- cellIndividualOffset
Page15
UE
eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete
Inter-RAT Measurement Object Parameters

Parameters Description Indicates the DL EARFCN of the inter-frequency EUTRAN cell Indicates the measurement bandwidth for inter/intra-frequency neighboring cells Indicates whether all of the inter-frequency neighboring cells are configured with the double-TX antenna. Indicate whether all the neighbor have the same configuration or not
carrierFreq
allowedMeasB andWidth PresenceAnte nnaPort1 neighCellConfi g offsetFreq
Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency neighboring cell
Page17
Data Configuration of Inter-RAT Measurement Object
UMTS
GERAN
Page18
UTRAN Measurement Object

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - measObjectToAddModList -- measObjectId -- measObject measObjectUTRA --- carrierFreq --- offsetFreq --- cellsToRemoveList --- cellsToAddModList ---- cellIndex ---- physCellId --- cellForWhichToReportCGI
UE
Page19
GERAN Measurement Object
UE
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - measObjectToAddModList -- measObjectId -- measObject measObjectGERAN --- carrierFreqs --- offsetFreq --- ncc-Permitted --- cellForWhichToReportCGI
Page20
Tracing Case Measurement Object
Page21
Report Configuration
Reporting configurations consist of the parameters related to specific events.

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - reportConfigToAddModList -- reportConfigId -- reportConfig reportConfigEUTRA --- triggerType event ---- eventId e.g. eventA1 ----- a1-Threshold threshold-RSRP ---- hysteresis ---- timeToTrigger --- triggerQuantity (RSRP) --- reportQuantity --- maxReportCells --- reportInterval --- reportAmount
UE
Page22
Events for Report Configuration

Events
interfrequenc y or IRAT A1
Threshold
Signal quality in the serving cell is higher than a specified threshold Signal quality in the serving cell is lower than a specified threshold Signal quality in at least one intra-frequency/inter-frequency neighboring cell is higher than that in the serving cell Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in at least one inter-frequency neighboring cell A2 + A4 Signal quality is higher than a specified threshold in at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell
Action
The eNodeB stops inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements. The eNodeB starts inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements
A2
intrafrequenc y/interfrequenc y
A3
Source eNodeB sends an intrafrequency/inter-frequency handover request.
interfrequenc y
A4
Source eNodeB sends an interfrequency handover request.
A5
Source eNodeB sends an interfrequency handover request.
B1
source eNodeB sends an interRAT handover request.

Page23
IRAT
Tracing Case Event 3 Report Configuration
Page25
Other Parameters Related to Events
Hysteresis
To reduce the number of event reports generated because of radio signal fluctuation, the hysteresis to the signal quality is used in the entering and leaving conditions for each event.
Time-to-Trigger
When the entering condition of an event is

met, the UE does not report the cell measurement result associated with the event to the eNodeB until the entering condition is met throughout a specified period, as defined by the time-to-trigger parameter.
Triggering Quantity and Reporting Quantity

Example:
RSRP & RSRQ

Page26
Data Configuration of Reporting Configuration(1/2)
1.Hysteresis
2.Time-to-trigger
UMTS
GERAN
Page27
Data Configuration of Reporting Configuration(2/2)

3. Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN 4. Maximum number of cells to be reported
5. Interval between reports

6. The number of periodic measurement reports
6 3 5
Page28
Other ParametersMeasurement Filtering
A: Measurement value at the physical layer B: Measurement value obtained after L1 filtering. C :Measurement value obtained after L3 filtering.
EUTRAN EUTRAN GERAN
UTRAN
Page29
Tracing Case Filtering Configuration
This filtering is performed by RRC, smoothing measurement
to resist fast fading effect. A larger value of this parameter

indicates a stronger smoothing effect and higher resistance to fast fading, but it may weaken the tracing capability
towards varying signals
Page31
Tracing Case - Measurement ID
Based on the object and report configuration, eNodeB
creates one or more measurement ID linked with object ID

and report ID. And this ID should be also included in the UE report, so eNodeB can differentiate each reports
Page32
Contents

Page33
IRAT HO Scenario
Coverage-based HO
Load-based HO
UL-quality-based HO
Inter-RAT HO
Service-based HO Distance-based HO SPID-based HO back to the HPLMN CSFB (it will be introduced in Chapter4)
Page34
Coverage-based Handover Overview

Moves to neighbor LTE FDD cell Moves to neighbor LTE TDD cell Moves out of LTE coverage
Inter-RAT
Inter-Frequency UMTS Intra-Frequency
Threshold of trigger Inter-freq HO (IF A2) is higher than threshold of trigger Inter-RAT HO (IR A2), which means that inter-freq HO is triggered earlier than inter-RAT HO.
LTE FDD
LTE TDD
Moves to LTE coverage
If UE under UMTS move to LTE coverage, there are two options: Service is still provided by UMTS. When service ends, UE will camp on LTE network by cell reselection UMTS triggers Inter-RAT handover to LTE
Using different event threshold to decide handover target Handover Priority: Intra-frequency > inter-frequency , Intra-RAT > inter-RAT Handover between TDD/FDD looks as Inter-Frequency of LTE system
Event Related with Coverage-based HO
The eNodeB delivers the measurement configuration related to event A2 to a UE in connected mode to monitor the signal quality
of the serving cell. The eNodeB may deliver measurement

configurations for two types of events A2 to the UE
Event A2 for IRAT... measurement
If the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than the specified threshold
Event A2 for ... blind handover
If the signal quality in the serving cell further deteriorates and the eNodeB does not perform a handover for the UE, the UE reports event A2 for blind handover.
Page36
Data Configuration of Coverage-based HO
The switches UtranRedirectSwitch and GeranRedirectSwitch under the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoModeSwitch parameter
specify whether coverage-based handovers to GERAN and

UTRAN cells are enabled, respectively.
Page37
Measurement Trigger Conditions of IRAT HO by Event A2

A2 Event
Moves to neighbor LTE cell
Moves out of LTE coverage
LTE
GSM/UMTS Coverage
Intra-LTE
Inter-RAT
According to radio link condition (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ)
Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold Leaving condition: Ms Hys > Threshold
Page38
Data Configuration Of Measurement Trigger Condition of IRAT HO by Event A2

RSRP/RSRQ Measurement quantities
Hysteresis, threshold and time to trigger related with event A2
Page40
Target-based Setting of Inter-RAT Event A2

For GU, RSRP thresholds can be adjusted via the offsets. The offsets do not affect the RSRQ thresholds for inter-RAT measurement event A2.
Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Threshold-10 Leaving condition: Ms Hys > Threshold-10
Page41
Measurement Stopping Condition of IRAT HO by Event A1
The event A1 threshold must be higher than the
event A2 threshold to
ensure that event A1 can stop inter-RAT measurements in coverage-based inter-RAT

Entering condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh handovers. Leaving condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh
Page43
Data Configuration Of Measurement Stopping Condition of IRAT HO by Event A1

These parameters are the same to both A1 and A2
Hysteresis, threshold and time to trigger related with event A1
Page45
Blind-Handover Triggering by Event A2
In coverage-based IRAT handovers, the eNodeB delivers a measurement configuration related to event A2 for blind handover if the signal quality of the serving cell deteriorates to a specified level and the UE has not been handed over.
Event A2 for blind handover can trigger both inter-frequency and IRAT blind handovers.
the RSRP threshold and RSRQ threshold of event A2 for blind handover are the
same and specified in the following parameters.
Other parameters related to blind handover events A1 and A2 are specified by parameters for inter-RAT blind handovers
Page46
Relationship between IRAT HO and Blind HO
The eNodeB delivers event A2 for blind handover but not event A2 for interfrequency or inter-RAT measurement if both the following conditions are met:
The UE does not support inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement. The threshold of event A2 used for inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurement is lower than the threshold of event A2 for blind handover.
A coverage-based inter-RAT blind handover can be performed in the form of a blind
redirection.

If the target system is GERAN, it can also be performed in the form of a blind CCO. If VoIP services are running on the UE that reports event A2 for blind handovers, the eNodeB determines an IRAT handover policy(discussed later) based on the
handover policy configuration and UE capability.
Page48
Load based Handover: Inter-RAT
When high load occurs in LTE but low load in GSM/UMTS, make some UEs handover to GSM/UMTS UE
eNB
Load Evaluation
GSM UMTS load transfer
Low load High load
Load Balancing Decision

target cell
Blind HO Switch is ON & target cell is in blind HO List?

N
Blind HO list can be configured according to operator's strategy and networking scenarios Y
LTE
Event B1 Triggered
Inter-RAT HO based Measurement

Measurement GAP Event B1 Parameters
Blind HO
Measure Report
HO Decision IR-HO Execute
Multiple handover schemes according to the capability of network, and UE e.g. PSHO, CCO/NACC, Redirection
Page49
Data Configuration of Load-based HO

UEs in connected mode are handed over to UTRAN cells and
UEs are handed over to GERAN cells
and
Blind HO
UL-Quality-based Handover
Scenario:
DL
quality is good, but
UL quality is limited,
which result to poor service experience.
Principle:
When
HO
UL IBLER is
higher than threshold, trigger handover to a better neighbor cell.
Improve Edge User Experience in Interference or UL-Limited Scenario

UL-Quality-based Inter-RAT Handover

LTE(F1)
UL Quality threshold are set by the system.

1. UL Quality > threshold 2. Sends target cell and instructs UE 2G/3G to initiate GAP/B1 measurement or LTE(F2) 3. Sends GAP/B1 measurement report to the eNodeB 4. Instruct UE to HO
4 3
2
1
Description
Due to the UL interference, the coverage in UL is limited compared to DL The UE has limited power The HO algorithms are implemented for DL HO
Benefit
Guarantee Service Continuity in UL limited LTE networks
Page 52
Service-based Handover: Inter-RAT
Handover voice service when E-RAB established to UMTS/GSM
UE
eNB
UE initiate service E-RAB Initial
To improve efficiency and capacity of whole

system
To save the investment at the beginning of LTE

Handover to 3G/2G according to service
Only Voip E-RAB

Y
HO Measurement
Measurement Configuration Event B1 trigger
LTE coverage 3G/2G coverage
Measure Report
HO Decision HO Execute
Page53
Data Configuration of Service-based HO
Page54
Distance-based HO Overview
Page56
Data Configuration of Distance-based HO
Page58
Background of Inter-PLMN Handover
Besides handover between PLMNs which belong to different operators, there is another scenario where an operator may own multiple PLMNs which are respectively used to provide coverage for different RATs.
To enable UE handovers between PLMNs owned by the same operator, inter-PLMN handovers are
introduced.
Page59
Data Configuration of Inter-PLMN HO(1/2)
Page60
Data Configuration of Inter-PLMN HO(2/2)
MAPPING
Page61
SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN Overview(1/2)
A handover back to the HPLMN policy defines whether a UE can be handed over from another PLMN to its HPLMN when it moves back to an
E-UTRAN of its HPLMN.
The SpidCfg.HoBackToHPLMNSwitch parameter specifies whether handover back to the HPLMN is allowed for UEs with a specific SPID.
Scenario:
Operator A's coverage is embedded in Operator B's coverage, i.e. a UE does not lose coverage from operator B when entering coverage of operator A.
Operator As subscriber allowed to roam in Bs network
Inter-PLMN Handover to As home PLMN
Operator B Operator A
Operator Bs eNB needs to know the subscribers home PLMN to decide whether a handover towards As network shall be triggered.
Page62
SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN Overview(2/2)
For roaming subscribers, HPLMN cell will be more suitable to be selected than roaming cell when entering HPLMN coverage area through connected mode handover.
This kind of handover is also an inter-PLMN handover. Before using this policy, ensure that the HPLMN has the frequency with the highest priority in the cell reselection policy, and inter-PLMN handover.
Parameter and Setting
UE
Spid 1 2 3 4 5 ... ... 1 2 3 4 5 ... 256 HoBackToHPLMNSwitch FALSE(FALSE) TRUE(TRUE) TRUE(TRUE) FALSE(FALSE) ... ... ...
Page63
Conditions of SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN
Handover back to the HPLMN takes effect for a UE only when all the following conditions are met:
High frequency priorities and different PLMN Switch related to SpidCfg is enable Comparing with serving cell, a Switch related neighbour cell should to InterPlmnHo has higher frequency is enable priorities and a The parameter different PLMN ENodeBAlgoSwitch. SpidCfg.HoBackTo HoAlgoSwitch.InterP HPLMNSwitch lmnHoSwitch is parameter is set to selected. SPID-based TRUE(TRUE) HO Back to the HPLMN
Page64
Example of SPID-based HO Back to the HPLMN

PLMN B
CN
2. eNB/RNC get SPID of
PLMN A
this UE from Bs MME
1. As UE access to Bs network 1
3. eNB check the neighbor cell list by this PLMN when UE HO to it, if find matched cell, ask the UE to HO
HO to HPLMN happens in this cell
Handover to HPLMN based SPID can facilitate roaming user back to its network to save the cost.
Contents

Page66
Redirection Definition
Redirection is a method of transferring UEs between cells and is a type of handover when "handover" is used as a generic term.
When a handover cannot be performed in an emergency or due to equipment limitations, the eNodeB sends the UE an RRC Connection Release message, which contains information about a neighboring frequency in the LTE system or in another RAT system. Using this
message, the eNodeB instructs the UE to initiate a random access

procedure towards an inter-frequency or inter-RAT neighboring cell so that the UE can resume its services.
Compared with handovers, redirections do not include a procedure for initiating a handover request towards a neighboring cell. Therefore, redirections have lower requirements for equipment capabilities and can be rapidly performed. The two methods differ in the way to transfer UEs.
Page67
Redirection Data Configuration
The 2G/3G network are generally mature, and may not support IRAT handovers from the E-UTRAN. In this situation, redirections instead of inter-RAT handovers can be performed on UEs. Therefore, network capabilities must be collected to determine whether to enable handovers or redirections for UE transfer.
If both handovers and redirections are enabled, the eNodeB preferentially uses handovers to transfer UEs.
Page68
Contents

Page70
Blind Handovers Overview
To reduce delay, the eNodeB may select a target cell for handover in the absence of the measurement information. This type of handover is called a blind handover, which is a generic term.
Blind handover consists of
The handover without neighboring cell measurements CCO Redirection
If eNodeBs decide to perform blind handovers, they will not deliver the GAP measurement and related measurement control order but directly deliver handover commands, CCO indicators, or redirection indicators to the UEs.
Page71
Comparison between Blind HO and Normal HO

Measurement report (A2) intra/inter-frequency/IRAT measurement activate Measurement report (A4) Handover command
Measurement report (A2)

Handover command
Measurement based HO
Blind Ho
Measurement based handover: HO must be trigged by intra/inter-frequency/IRAT measurement report Blind handover: Skip intra/inter-frequency/IRAT measurement, directly execute HO based on priority configuration
Once blind HO is activated, eNodeB directly decide the HO target based on the priority configuration of each neighbor
Page72
The Target Selection Procedure of the Blind HO

Star
The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority
No
Attention: Firstly select a cell in the intraRAT system and then a inter-RAT system, for the priority of EUTRAN is higher than that of an inter-RAT system.
Are valid Ncells available for the blind-HO?

Yes
The eNodeB selects the Ncells with the highest blind-HO priority The eNodeB filters the target cells or frequencies
The eNodeB selects a frequency based on the frequency priority
Is only one target cell or frequency available ?

Yes
No
The eNodeB randomly selects target cells or frequency
The eNodeB performs a blind-HO
Page73
Data Configuration of IRAT Priority

1. The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority as the target system.
The priorities of EUTRAN systems
Page75
Data Configuration of IRAT Priority

1. The eNodeB selects the system with the highest priority as the target system.
The priorities of IRAT systems
Page76
Data Configuration of Neighbor Cell Blind HO Priority

2. The eNodeB selects a neighboring cell for the blind handover.
Within EUTRAN system
EUTRAN
Page77
Data Configuration of Neighbor Cell Blind HO Priority

2. The eNodeB selects a neighboring cell for the blind handover.
In IRAT system
UTRAN
GERAN
Page78
Data Configuration of the Neighbor Frequency Priority
UTRAN
GERAN
Page79
Data Configuration of Filtering the Target Frequencies

3. The eNodeB filters the blind-handover targets to prevent a blind handover to an inappropriate target.
For cell: The filtering of the target neighboring cells is the same as that
in Handover Decision.
For frequency: When filtering the target frequencies, the eNodeB filters out the frequencies whose PLMN is different from the PLMN of the serving cell.
Page80
Data Configuration of Filtering the Target Frequencies
UTRAN
GERAN
Page81
Contents

Page82
IRAT HO Measurement Overview
Step1: When inter-RAT measurements are required, the eNodeB delivers to the UE a Measurement Configuration message
containing the inter-RAT measurement configuration, instructing

the UE to perform inter-RAT measurements.
Step2: If the triggering condition of inter-RAT handover event B1 or B2 are met, event B1 or B2 will be reported. Basing on the reported inter-RAT measurement result, the eNodeB makes an inter-RAT handover decision.
The measurement phase of the inter-RAT handover consists of inter-RAT measurement configuration, setup of measurement gaps, and triggering of event B1 or B2.
Page83
Event B1/B2 Triggering Scenario
Coverage-based inter-RAT handovers
can be triggered by event B1 or B2 The type of event used to trigger coverage-based inter-RAT handovers is specified by the InterRatHoComm.InterRatHoEventType parameter.
Other types of inter-RAT handover
can be triggered only by event B1. If event B2 is used to trigger noncoverage-based inter-RAT handovers, cell center users (CCUs) do not report event B2.
Page84
IRAT Report Configuration - Event B1
Event B1 indicates that the signal quality is higher than a specified
threshold in at least one inter-RAT neighboring cell. When the information

about the cells that meet the triggering condition is reported, the source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request. RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Request Measurement Configuration - reportConfigToAddModList -- reportConfigId -- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT --- triggerType event ---- eventB1 ----- b1-ThresholdUTRA or ----- b1-ThresholdGERAN ---- hysteresis ---- timeToTrigger --- maxReportCells --- reportInterval --- reportAmount
Page85
UE
Event B1 Triggering Mechanism

EUTRAN Cell UTRAN Cell
Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
Page86
Data Configuration Related to Event B1

Ofn
URAN Thresh
Hys Thresh
time-to-trigger
GERAN Hys Thresh time-to-trigger
Page87
IRAT Report Configuration - Event B2
Event B2 indicates that the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than
a threshold and that the signal quality in at least one inter-RAT

neighboring cell is higher than another threshold. When the information about the cells that meet the triggering condition is reported, the source eNodeB sends an inter-RAT handover request.RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Request Measurement Configuration - reportConfigToAddModList -- reportConfigId -- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT ---triggerType event ---- eventB2 ----- b2-Threshold1 ----- b2-Threshold2 ------ b2-Threshold2UTRA or ------ b2-Threshold2GERAN ---- hysteresis ---- timeToTrigger --- maxReportCells --- reportInterval --- reportAmount
UE
Page88
Event B2 Triggering Mechanism

Mn EUTRA Cell TTT Ofn-Hys
Threshold 2 Threshold 1 UTRA Cell Hys Mp B2-2 B2-1 B2 Triggered
Entering condition: Ms + Hys < Thresh 1 and Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh 2 Leaving condition: Ms - Hys > Thresh 1 or Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh 2
Data Configuration Related to Event B1
Event B2 uses the same set of parameters as event B1 except four parameters: the triggering quantity related to Thresh 1, the
measurement quantity related to Thresh 2, Thresh 1, and Thresh

2. For details about the four parameters, see the following Tables.
Thresh 1 for event B2

Triggering Quantity The same as the triggering quantity of event A2 Thresh 1 RSRP InterRatHoCommGroup.InterRatHoA2ThdRSRP RSRQ InterRatHoCommGroup.InterRatHoA2ThdRSRQ
Thresh 2 for event B2

Measurement Quantity Thresh 2
UTRAN
GERAN
RSCP Ec/No RSSI
InterRatHoUtranGroup.InterRATHoUtranB1ThdRSCP InterRatHoUtranGroup.InterRATHoUtranB1ThdEcN0 InterRatHoGeranGroup.InterRATHoGeranB1Thd
Page90
Measurement GAP
Measurement gaps are applicable to inter-frequency and inter-RAT measurements. During the measurement
gaps the UE:
not transmit any data is not expected to tune its
receiver on the E-UTRAN

serving carrier frequency.
Page91
Data Configuration of IRAT Measurement Priorities
This is only available to IRAT measurements on the UTRAN.
Page93
Event-Triggered Periodical Reporting
After an event is reported at the first time, the measurement results associated with the event are reported periodically by UE,
which is called event-triggered periodical reporting.
eNB
eNB
Periodical Reporting
UE
Report Interval (ms120, ms240, ms480, ms640, ms1024, ms2048, ms5120, ms10240, min1, min6, min12, min30, min60)
Page94
The Purpose of IRAT Periodical Reporting

RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request Measurement Configuration - reportConfigToAddModList -- reportConfigId -- reportConfig ReportConfigInterRAT ---triggerType periodical ---- purpose --- maxReportCells --- reportInterval --- reportAmount
UE
There are three purposes defined for periodical reporting:

Report Strongest Cells.

Report Strongest Cells For SON. Report CGI.
Page95
Contents

Page96
Handover Decision Overview
In this phase, the eNodeB checks the measurement result reported by the UE and decides whether to perform an inter-RAT handover for a UE or the blind-handover priorities and judges to triger a handover.
The eNodeB derives a list of candidate cells from the measurement report sent by the UE.
For normal handover, the list is based on the signaling strength, while for
a blind handover, it is based on the blind-handover priorities.
If the eNodeB receives measurement reports about different RATs, it processes the reports in a First In First Out (FIFO) manner.
Check measurement result
Measurement Report
Decide target cell
Page97
Filtering Principle of Target Cell
The eNodeB filters out the following cells from the neighboring cell list:
Blacklisted neighboring cells Neighboring cells that have a different PLMN from the serving cell if the inter-PLMN handover switch is disabled. Refer to the section Inter-PLMN Handovers
cell3
cell5
cell1
cell2 cell3 cell4 cell5 cell6
Neighboring cells with a handover prohibition flag. Neighboring cells in the areas indicated by the IE Handover Restriction List in the INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message sent from the MME.
Page98
Contents

Page99
Handover Execution Overview
In this phase, the UE and the eNodeB exchange signaling over the radio interface according to the protocol.
The LTE system uses hard handovers, that is, only one radio link is
connected to a UE at a time.
The source and target eNodeBs exchange signaling and data through X2/S1 adaptation.
In the case of IRAT HO, the eNodeB sends a handover request and forwards data over the S1 interface.
Page100
Data Forwarding Overview
Definition: After the source eNodeB sends a handover command to the UE, the UE detaches the connection from the source
eNodeB. The source eNodeB then forwards the uplink (UL) data
that is received out of order and the DL data to be transmitted, to the target eNodeB.
Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data transfer ratio and an increase in the data transfer delay that are caused by user data loss during the handover.
Page102
Data Forwarding Procedure

Source eNodeB DL data Buffering
Step1:RRC connection Break
S-GW
Source eNodeB
Step2: source eNodeB implement DL data buffering Target eNodeB Source eNodeB
Data forwarding
Target eNodeB Step3: Buffer forwarding to target cell Attention: There are several scenario introduced in the notes
Step4: Random access to target cell
Page103
IRAT Handover Execution Policy

IRAT Handover Execution Policy Priority: PS handover > SRVCC > CCO(GSM ONLY) > Redirection
LTE PS
2G/3G PS
LTE VOIP
2G/3G CS LTE PS
GSM Idle Mode
PS handover
SRVCC
CCO/NACC
RRC Connection Release LTE Connection Mode Access Procedure
2G/3G
Redirection
Data Configuration of Handover Execution Policy
The LTE system is incapable of carrying CS services. If an E-UTRAN UE needs to start a mobile-originated or mobile-terminated CS service, the
UE will be moved to another RAT by means of CSFB.
Page105
Contents
1.1 Technical Overview and Basic Concepts 1.2 Measurement Configuration 1.3 Measurement Triggering/Stopping Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.4 Redirection 1.5 Blind Handover 1.6 Measurement Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.7 Decision Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.8 Execution Phase of an IRAT Handover 1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode
Page106
Contents
1.9 IRAT Signaling Procedure in Connection Mode
1.9.1 PS Handover for LTE <->G/U
1.9.2 RRC Release & Redirection for LTE <->G/U

1.9.3 eNACC for LTE->GERAN 1.9.4 CCO for GERAN->LTE
Mainly focus on the Gn/Gp SGSN

PS Handover LTE->GERAN/UTRAN Overview
The UE in connected mode is handed over to a GERAN/UTRAN cell after the UE moves from the area covered by both the LTE
network and GERAN/UTRAN to the area covered only by the

HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision GERAN/UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services.
HO decision: LTE to GU
SGW
PGW
eNodeB sends HO request

GSM / UMTS BTS LTE eNodeB
MME sends relocation to target SGSN

Target GU network establish access connection
MME
HO command is sent to UE MS detected by target GU network
BSC/RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Target network finish relocation.

Context exchange with source PGW
Release source network resources
Page108
MS
Source eNodeB
Target RNC
Old MME
Serving GW
New Gn/Gp SGSN
P-GW
1. Decision to perform handover to UTRAN 2. Handover Required 3. Forward Relocation Request 4. Relocation Request Establishment of Radio Access Bearers 4. Relocation Request Acknowledge 5. Forward Relocation Response 6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request 7. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response 8. Handover Command 9. Forwarding of data 10. HO from E-UTRAN Command
PS HO(LTE>UMTS) Gn/Gp SGSN
MS detected by target RNC 13. RRC message 12. Relocation Detect 14. Relocation Complete 15. Forward Relocation Complete 15. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge 16. Update PDP Context Request 16. Update PDP Context Response 17. Routeing Area Update
C2 C3
18. Delete Session Request 18b. Release Resources 18a. Delete Session Response
Page109
PS HO(LTE->GERAN) Gn/Gp SGSN
Preparation phase (Almost the same with that of LTE->UMTS except for some signaling message name )
Source eNodeB
UE
Target BSS
Source MME
New SGSN
Serving GW
PDN GW
HSS
Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs 1. Handover Initiation 2. Handover Required 3. Forward Relocation Request 4. PS Handover Request
5. Reservation of radio resources in target BSS 6. Target BSS creates the Target BSS to Source BSS Transparent Container 7. PS Handover Request Acknowledge
8. Forward Relocation Response
Page111
UE
Source eNodeB
Target BSS Source MME
New SGSN
Serving GW
PDN GW
HSS
Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs 1. Handover Command 2. HO from E-UTRAN Command
4. GERAN A/Gb Access Procedures 5. XID Response Downlink User Plane PDUs Sending of uplink data possible 6. PS Handover Complete 7. XID Response 8. Forward Relocation Complete 8a. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge 9. Update PDP Context Request 11. Update PDP Context Response Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs 12. XID Negotioation for LLC ADM 12a. SABM UA exchange re-establishment and XID negotiation for LLC ABM) 13. Routing Area Update procedure 14. Delete Session Request 14b. Release Resource 14a. Delete Session Response Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Forwarding of data
PS HO(LTE> GERAN) Gn/Gp SGSN
Execution
phase (Almost the same with that of LTE>UMTS except for some signaling message name )
Page112
PS HO(GERAN/UTRAN->LTE) Gn/Gp SGSN
The UE in connected mode is handed over to an LTE cell after the UE moves from the area covered only by the GERAN/UTRAN to the area covered by both the LTE network and GERAN/UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services.
Page113
MS
Source RNC
Target eNodeB
Old Gn/Gp SGSN
New MME
S-GW
P-GW
HSS
1. Decision to handover 2. Relocation Required 3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Create Session Request 5. Create Session Response
6. Handover Request Establishment of Radio Access Bearers 7. Handover Request Acknowledge 8. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request 9. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response 10. Forward Relocation Response C1 11. Relocation Command 12. Forwarding of data 13. RRC message 14. Forward SRNS Context 14. Forward SRNS Context 14. Forward SRNS Context Acknowledge MS detected by target RNC 15. HO to EUTRAN Complete 15. Handover Notify 16. Forward Relocation Complete 16a. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge 20 Iu Release Command 20a. Iu Release Complete 17. Modify Bearer Request 18. Modify Bearer Request/Response 19. Modify Bearer Response 21. Tracking Area Update procedure 22. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 2 to 7 of Figure 5.4.2.2-1 23. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request 23a. Delete Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
PS HO(UTRAN ->LTE) Gn/Gp SGSN
Page114
PS HO(GERAN->LTE) Gn/Gp SGSN
UE
Preparation phase
Source BSS Target eNodeB Old SGSN Target MME Serving GW PDN GW HSS
Uplink and DownlinkUser Plane PDUs 1. Handover Initiation 2. PS Handover Required 3. Forward Relocation Request 4. Create Session Request 4a. Create Session Response 5. Handover Request 5a. Handover Request Acknowledge
6. Forward Relocation Response
Page116
PS HO(GERAN->LTE) Gn/Gp SGSN
UE
Execution phase
Source BSS Target eNodeB Old SGSN Target MME Serving GW PDN GW HSS Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs Forwarding of data
1. PS HO Required Acknowledge 2. PS Handover Command 4. E-UTRAN Access Procedures 3. Forward SRNS Context 3a. Forward SRNS Context Ack
5. HO to E-UTRAN Complete 6. Handover Notify Sending of uplink data 7. Forward Relocation Complete possible 7a. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge 8. Modify Bearer Request 9. Modify Bearer Request (A) 9a. Modify Bearer Response
10. Modify Bearer Response Uplink and Downlink User Plane PDUs 11. BSS Packet Flow Delete Procedure 12. Tracking Area Update procedure 13. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 2 to 7 of Figure 5.4.2.2-1
Page117
Contents


LTE->G/U RRC Release & Redirection Overview
When the UE in connected mode moves from the area covered by both the LTE network and UTRAN(or GERAN) to the area
covered by only the UTRAN, the UE needs to be handed over to

the UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services. . The eNodeB obtains the UE capability and knows that the UE does not support either PS handover or CCO(for GERAN). The eNodeB instructs the UE to reselect the target cell in RRC release & redirection mode.
Page119
LTE->G/U RRC Release & Redirection Procedure

SGW PGW

LTE eNodeB
MME
GSM /UMTS BTS

UE eNB
BSC SGSN GGSN
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
UE send target cell measurement to

eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
RNC
MME
SGSN
S/P-GW
eNodeB send RRC Release message

to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo that specifies the frequency of the target GERAN/UTRAN cell.
UE in RRC IDLE state, reselect the GERAN/UTRAN cell with the specified
frequency according to redirection information. eNodeB requests MME release LTE RRC_Connect. UE initiates an RAU procedure.
1. Measurement Report 2.Handover decision 3. RRC Connection Release
4. UE reselect the target GERAN/UTRAN cell and launch RAU procedure
Page120
G/U->LTE RRC Release & Redirection Overview
GERAN->LTE
The UE initiates a CSFB voice call in the area covered by both LTE and GERAN
and camps on the GERAN network. When the BSC releases the air interface
connection after the voice call is terminated, the released message carries the Cell selection indicator after release of all TCH and SDCCH parameter, which contains the information about the E-UTRAN cell (EARFCN and PCI), instructing the UE to reselect to the LTE network.
UTRAN->LTE
The UE in connected mode is handed over to an LTE cell after the UE moves from the area covered only by the UTRAN to the area covered by both the LTE
network and UTRAN to ensure the continuity of PS services. The RNC obtains
the UE capability and knows that the UE does not support the PS handover. The eNodeB decides to instruct the UE to reselect the target cell in RRC release + redirection mode.
G/U->LTE RRC Release & Redirection Procedure

UE RNC eNB MME SGSN S/P-GW 1. Measurement Report 2.Handover decision
UTRAN->LTE
3. RRC Connection Release
4. UE reselect the target E-UTRAN cell and launch TAU procedure
UE
BSC
eNB
MME
SGSN
S/P-GW
1. CS call terminated
2. Channel Release
GERAN->LTE
3. UE reselect the target E-UTRAN cell and launch TAU procedure
Page122
Contents


eNACC from the LTE to the GERAN Overview
When the UE in connected mode moves out of the area covered by both the LTE network and the GERAN, if the target GERAN or UE does not support the PS handover, the system message of the target GERAN cell is sent to the UE on the source LTE network. In this case, the duration of the UE accessing the target GERAN cell is shortened to reduce the service interruption duration.
Page124
SGW
eNACC LTE -> GERAN
PGW

GSM BTS LTE eNodeB
MME

BSC
SGSN
GGSN
UE
SourceeNB
Serving GW
Source MME
Target SGSN
Target BSS
PDN GW
HSS
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
1. Measurement Report 2.Handover decision 3. ENB Direct Information Transfer 4. RAN Information Request 5. RAN Information Request 6. RAN Information 7. RAN Information 8. MME Direct Information Transfer 9. Mobility From EUTRA Command
UE send target cell

measurement to eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
eNodeB gets target cell info. by RIM procedure eNodeB sends HO command to
UE
MS detected by target GSM

network
Target network finish

relocation. Context exchange with source PGW MME release source network resources
10. Routing Area Update Procedure
Page125
Contents


CCO from the GERAN to the LTE Overview
After the UE in connected mode moves from the area covered by only the GERAN to the area covered by both the LTE network and the GERAN, if the GERAN or UE does not support the PS handover, the BSC initiates the NACC procedure to obtain the system message of the target EUTRAN and informs the UE about the message. In this case, the duration of the UE accessing the target E-UTRAN cell is shortened to reduce the interruption duration is
reduced.
Page127
CCO from the GERAN to the LTE

UE SourceBSC Source SGSN Target MME Target eNB PDN GW HSS
1. Measurement Report
2.Handover decision
3. RAN INFORMATION REQUEST
4. RAN INFORMATION RELAY 5. MME DIRECT INFORMATION TRANSFER 6. ENB DIRECT INFORMATION TRANSFER
7. RAN INFORMATION RELAY 8. RAN INFORMATION 9. PACKET CELL CHANGE ORDER
10.Tracking Area Update Procedure
Page128
Contents
Page129
LTE Voice Solution
From a technological perspective, there are two standard solutions to provide CS services for E-UTRAN UEs:
IMS required Rich VoIP service experience Fast connection Required SRVCC handover support
Voice over IMS
Voice Solution
Fast supply voice service for LTE user Make full utilization of inherited CS network, fast deployment Large delay
CSFB
Page130
Network Architecture & Functionality for CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN

Need to be R8 ready Maintaining SGs association with MME A Iu-cs GERAN MSC/VLR
Gb
Gs SGSN
for the mobility management and paging procedures between EPS and CS domain.
Gr UTRAN
C/D
HSS/HLR
Iu-ps
S3 S12
SGs
S6a
Deriving a VLR number and LAI from the TAI of the current cell, or using a default VLR number and LAI. Maintaining SGs association with MSC/VLR for EPS/IMSI Attached UE Triggering paging to eNodeB (when MSC-S pages the UE) Initiating IMSI Detach at EPS Detach
Multi-mode G/U/L CSFB capable Support of procedures: Combined EPS/IMSI Attach, Update, Detach.
S4 MME S11 S1-MME S5 S1-U
PCRF
S7 SGi PDN-GW
Rx
Internet / intranet / Operators & 3rd Party Applications
E-UTRAN S-GW G/U/L handset Forwarding paging request for CS domain to the UE. Directing the UE to the target CS capable cell. (PS HO/redirection with or without SIBs).
Page131
Contents
2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB
2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page132
CSFB Procedure at the eNodeB
CSFB mechanisms include PS redirection, PS handover, and

Triggering phase
Star
The eNodeB receives a CSFB Indicator from the MME Are the conditions for initiating a blind HO met?
Yes
No
CCO/NACC. No
matter which CSFB mechanism is adopted, both
The eNodeB delivers measurement Measurement phase configurations to the UE The eNodeB makes a CSFB decision The eNodeB exectes a CSFB decision
measurement-based
handover and blind handover are applicable.
Decision phase
Execution phase
End
CSFB Triggering Principle(1/3)
After a UE initiates a CS service in an E-UTRAN cell, the MME sends the eNodeB an S1-AP Request message that contains a CSFB Indicator,
notifying the eNodeB that the UE should be transferred to the target

networks which are specified by the ENodeBAlgoSwitch.HoAlgoSwitch parameter.
Page134
CSFB Triggering Principle(2/3)
Choosing Between a Blind HO and a Measurement-based HO

Star
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.Blind HoSwitch is enabled ?
No
Yes
The UE supports certain RAT measurement ?

Yes
No
Triggering the RAT measurement
Blind Redirection
Blind CSFB
Page135
CSFB Triggering Principle(3/3) - Blind CSFB Overview
In case of Blind HO(or redirection) , eNodeB decides the CSFB target based on:
Blind handover priority of the target RAT:
InterRatHighestPri, InterRatSecondPri, and InterRatLowestPri
Blind handover priority of the specific cell:
BlindHoPriority
LAI information ( R10 feature)
Page136
Data Configuration of Blind CSFB

1. The eNodeB selects a RAT with the highest blind-handover priority.
Page137
Data Configuration of Blind CSFB(1/2)

2. The eNodeB selects a cell with the highest blind-handover priority in this RAT
UTRAN
0~32
GERAN
0~32
Page138
Measurement Phase Measurement Based CSFB Overview
In case of measurement based CS Fallback, eNodeB sends the UE the measurement configuration, include :
RAT type Frequencies
The measurement configuration related with both should be that the UE is capable of measuring
CSFB B1 parameters
Page139
Measurement Phase Measurement Report Configuration
In Measurement, CSFB is triggered by event B1:
Entering condition: Mn + Ofn - Hys > Thresh Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Hys < Thresh
The B1 thresholds are different from those of handover:
CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdRscp CS FallbackHoUtranB1ThdEcn0 CS FallbackHoGeranB1Thd
Page140
Measurement Phase Event B1 Threshold
Configuration of CSFB event B1 threshold:
Page141
Decision Phase Target Selection
In the decision phase of a measurement-based handover, the eNodeB determines target cell based on:
Evaluation of measurement report LAI priority ( R10 feature)
Page142
LAI based CSFB (R10)

LTE Core
TA1/LA1
MME
GUL
CSFB to LA1
TAI/LAI
Select same LA to CSFB
GUL
TA3/LA1 TA2/LA2
GUL
Priority to select target GU cells with same LAC as UE registered in GU NW during CSFB to avoid LAU (0.5s~3s).
Support national Roaming UE to select suitable fallback RAT/Cell bases on LAI Indicator among multi-PLMNs.
Page143
Execution Phase - CSFB to GERAN

Star The eNodeB receives a CSFB indicator from MME Yes ENodeBAlgoSwitch.BlindHoS witch is enabled ? No
Does the UE support B1 measurement ? Yes The eNodeB delivers B1 measurement configuration to the UE
The UE sends measurement reports to the eNodeB No Is PS handover enabled? Yes Does the UE support No PS HO? Yes PS HO based CSFB
No
CCO/NACC Switch=ON ? No No Does the UE support PS HO? Yes CCO/NACC based CSFB Yes
Flash CSFB Switch=ON ?
No
The UE supports Rel.9 RRC No with SIB & eNodB has stored target cells SI ? Redirection Flash CSFB based CSFB
Page144
Execution Phase - CSFB to UTRAN

Star The eNodeB receives a CSFB indicator from MME Yes ENodeBAlgoSwitch.BlindHoS witch is enabled ? No Does the UE support B1 measurement ? Yes The eNodeB delivers B1 measurement configuration to the UE The UE sends measurement reports to the eNodeB No Is PS handover enabled? Yes Does the UE support No PS HO? Yes PS HO based CSFB Flash CSFB Switch=ON ? No No
The UE supports Rel.9 RRC No with SIB & eNodB has stored target cells SI ? Redirection Flash CSFB based CSFB
Page145
Flash CSFB (Redirection Based on R9)
GSM/UMTS Core
To support Flash CS Fallback,
LTE Core
eNodeB requires exchange

information between E-UTRAN and GERAN/UTRAN through
SGSN
MME
RIM Response
RIM Request
the core networks.
Saving 1s for UMTS compare with R8 CSFB
Saving 2s for GSM compare with R8 CSFB
UTRAN/GERAN
EUTRAN
Page146
RIM Configuration
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode 2. CS Interoperability 2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB 2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page148
Mechanisms of CSFB
Mechanism
Based on PS handover Based on Redirection Flash CSFB (Redirection with RIM)
Supported RAT
UTRAN/GERA N UTRAN/GERA N/CDMA2000 UTRAN/GERA N
Impact on Network
Complex Simple Medium
CS Access Delay
Short Long Short
CSFB based on CCO/NACC
GERAN
Medium
Medium
Page149
Combined EPS/IMSI Attach Procedure
Page150
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode 2. CS Interoperability 2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB 2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB 2.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN 2.2.2 CSFB to GERAN 2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page152
CSFB to UTRAN
Based on the capabilities of UEs and networks, the following mechanisms are available for an eNodeB to perform CSFB to UTRAN
CSFB based on PS redirection for MOC(Mobile-Originated Calls)
Flash CS Fallback
CSFB based on PS handover for MOC(Mobile-Originated Calls)
CSFB to UTRAN Procedure for MTC (Mobile-Terminated

Calls)
(Flash)CSFB to UTRAN based on PS Redirection for MOC

UE eNodeB RNC MME MSC SGSN 1.Extended Service Request (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) 2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator S1-AP Reponse Message 3.Optional measurement report 4. RRC Connection Release with UTRAN frequency S1 UE context release 5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU 6.CS call establishment procedure
For flash CSFB: RRC Connection Release with UTRAN frequency/cell IDs/cell system information
Page154
S1 Message Tracing
Page155
CSFB to UTRAN Procedure for MTC
PS redirection and PS handover are
the same for MTO.
Page159
CSFB to UTRAN based on PS HO for MOC

UE eNodeB RNC MME MSC SGSN 1. Extended Service Request (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) 2. S1-AP Message (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) S1-AP Response Message 3. Optional measurement report 4. PS handover preparation phase Handover Command Handover Command PS handover procedure
The eNodeB selects a fallback mechanism and a target cell using the CSFB algorithm. For details, see chapter 4 4.1 CSFB at the eNodeB.
5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU 6.PS handover execution phase
Page160
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode 2. CS Interoperability 2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB 2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB 2.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN 2.2.2 CSFB to GERAN 2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page161
CSFB to GERAN
Based on the capabilities of UEs and networks, the following mechanisms are available for an eNodeB to perform CSFB to GERAN
CSFB based on PS redirection for MOC
Flash CSFB (New introduced in eRAN3.0)
CSFB based on PS handover for MOC

CSFB based on CCO/NACC for MOC
CCO is short for cell change order NACC is short for network assistant cell change
CSFB to GERAN Procedure for MTC is the same to that of CSFB to UTRAN
(Flash)CSFB to GERAN based on PS Redirection for MOC

UE eNodeB BSC MME MSC SGSN 1.Extended Service Request (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) 2.S1-AP Message with CS Fallback Indicator S1-AP Reponse Message 3.Optional measurement report 4. RRC Connection Release with GERAN frequency group S1 UE context release 5. LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU 6. Suspend 7.CS call establishment procedure
For flash CSFB: RRC Connection Release with UTRAN frequency/PCIs/cell system information
Completely similar with that of (Flash)CSFB to UTRAN except the points in italic and red with underline
Page163
CSFB to GERAN based on PS HO for MOC

UE eNodeB BSC MME MSC SGSN SGW PGW 1. Extended Service Request (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) 2. S1-AP Message (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) S1-AP Response Message 3. Optional measurement report 4. PS handover preparation phase Handover Command Handover Command 4b. Suspend 5.CS call establishment procedure with LAU or combined RAU/LAU 6.PS handover execution phase Update Bearers
The eNodeB selects a fallback mechanism and a target cell using the CSFB algorithm. For details, see chapter 4 4.1 CSFB at the eNodeB.
PS handover procedure
Page164
CSFB Based on CCO/NACC(GERAN)

UE eNodeB BSC MME MSC SGSN 1.Extended Service Request (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) 2.S1-AP Message (containing a CS Fallback Indicator) S1-AP Response Message 3.Optional measurement report
4. MobilityFromEUTRACommand (CCO optionally with NACC)
5.LAU, combined RAU/LAU, or RAU and LAU 6.Suspend 7.CS call establishment procedure 8. S1 UE context release
Page165
Contents
1. LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode 2. CS Interoperability 2.1 CSFB at the eNodeB 2.2 End-to-End Procedures for CSFB
2.3 SRVCC Procedure
Page166
LTE GSM/UMTS SRVCC Flow
Page167
Summary

GUL Interoperability procedure GUL Interoperability scenarios GUL Interoperability algorithm principles and data configuration related
Page169
Appendix 1: Subscriber Identity Mapping

The mappings are described briefly as follows slides. For the details on the mappings between the Globally Unique Temporary Identity (GUTI), RAI, PTMSI, and PTMSI signature when the UE performs GUL interworking, see sections 2.8.2.1 and 2.8.2.1 of 3GPP TS23.003.
Page170
Appendix 1: Mapping from a GUTI to an RAI, and P-TMSI Signature

GUTI-to-RAI mappings RAI Component Mapping Data Source MCC MCC in the GUTI MNC MNC in the GUTI LAC MME Group ID RAC MME Code GUTI-to-P-TMSI mappings P-TMSI Component 31 to 30 Bits 29 to 24 Bits 23 to 16 Bits 15 to 0 P-TMSI Signature Mapping Data Source 11 Bits 29 to the M-TMSI MME CODE Bits 15 to the M-TMSI Bits 23 to the M-TMSI
Page171
Appendix 1: Mapping from P-TMSI/RAI to GUTI

Mapping of P-TMSI/RAI to GUTI GUTI Component MCC MNC MME Group ID Mapping Data Source MCC in the RAI MNC in the RAI LAC in the RAI Bits 23 to 16 of the P-TMSI, namely higher-order MME Code 8 bits of the NRI M-TMSI (bits 31 to 30) 11 M-TMSI (bits 29 to 24) Bits 29 to the P-TMSI M-TMSI (bits 23 to 16) RAC in the RAI M-TMSI (bits 15 to 0) Bits 15 to the P-TMSI
Page172
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LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode (LTE-GU)

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LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode (LTE-GU)

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LTE Interoperability in Connection Mode (LTE->G/U)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 Measurement Configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Related to interoperability which will be discussed in this course

PS HO CCO/NACC Redirection Voice Service Continuity CS FallBack SRVCC

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mobility Management Overview in Connection Mode

Intra-frequency HO Connection Mode Inter-frequency HO Inter-RAT HO

Load-based UL-qualitybased Service-based

SPID-based HO back to the HPLMN CSFB

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neighbor Relationship Management Overview

There are three types of neighboring cells

Intra-frequency Ncell Inter-frequency Ncell Inter-RAT Ncell

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Priority of the Neighboring Cell

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

The MME may inform the eNodeB of UE capabilities.

indicates whether the UE is capable of frequency-specific or RAT-specific measurements and handovers.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 Measurement Configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HO Measurement Configuration Overview

The measurement configuration consists of

Measurement Objects Reporting Configurations Other Parameters

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Trace from eNodeB

The Measurement Configuration for Inter-RAT HO

For inter- RAT HO, the measurement configuration includes:

Inter-RAT measurement object: UTRAN or GERAN Reporting configuration

Inter-RAT handover thresholds Hysteresis Time-to-trigger

Triggering quantity for handovers to UTRAN

Measurement quantity configuration Measurement gap configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inter-RAT Measurement Object Overview

Measurement objects are the objects that UEs measure. Measurement

eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inter-RAT Measurement Object Parameters

Indicates the frequency offset of the inter-frequency neighboring cell

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of Inter-RAT Measurement Object

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

UTRAN Measurement Object

eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

GERAN Measurement Object

eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tracing Case Measurement Object

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reporting configurations consist of the parameters related to specific events.

eNB RRC Connection Reconfiguration Request RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Events for Report Configuration

Source eNodeB sends an intrafrequency/inter-frequency handover request.

Source eNodeB sends an interfrequency handover request.

Source eNodeB sends an interfrequency handover request.

source eNodeB sends an interRAT handover request.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tracing Case Event 3 Report Configuration