Smart Grid Project

Sandra Scalari ENEL Research Technical Area

Bratislava, 27th May 2008

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European SmartGrids Technology Platform

Its aim is to formulate and promote a vision for the development of Europes electricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond, driving European and national research.

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Why Distributed Generation should increase ?

Higher efficiency in energy conversion, due to Distributed

production of heat and electricity (CHP plants) Renewable energy sources exploitation, which are intrinsically Reduction of transmission and distribution costs, although this depends on DG location Modularity of DG Technologies, that is expected reduction of costs due to a scale factor Improvement in reliability and quality of supply, depending on possible improvement of DG and network operation Adoption of targets by national and international governs and authorities, to support RES and CHP development Possibility of open and competitive markets, end-user oriented

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Present barriers to DG exploitation

High technology costs

Existing distribution network are not designed and/or operated to

support DG integration, new criteria and rules have to be defined

Ancillary services for DG are not fully recognized

DG success is related to the development of Smart Grids. Active distribution grids with widespread integration of small size generators and distributed intelligence, able to support end users interactivity with market and grid operators

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Responding to new needs

User-centric approach: increased interest in electricity market

opportunities, flexible demand, micro generation,

Electricity networks renewal and innovation: efficient asset

management, increasing degree of automation,

Security of supply: diversification of energy sources, promotion of

renewable energy sources, increase network capacity, higher reliability and quality,..

Liberalized markets: opportunities for developing new products

and services, ..

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From today to tomorrow: Grid Evolution

From traditional grids Large Generation Stations
Centralized control Unidirectional power flows Regional power flow capacity Limited interaction with loads To grids of tomorrow Extensive small distributed generation Coordinated local energy management Bidirectional power flows

Cross border trading of power and grid

services Flexible DSM and customer-driven added services

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Key elements of the vision: what we need

A toolbox of proven technical solution Harmonized regulatory and commercial frameworks Shared technical standards and protocols Information, computing and telecommunication systems Interfacing of new and old design, that is interoperability of equipments

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Transition towards Smart Grids

The transition from current distribution networks towards Smart Grids will pass

through three significant succeeding steps. During this transition the focus will pass from energy value to information value
Active Network: medium voltage grids with a strong penetration of distributed generation; this generation is directly controlled from DSO, depending on network power flows. Micro-Grid: low voltage grids with renewable source generation and storage systems; the grid can

be island operated and emergency connected to the main grid.

Virtual utilities: internet like grids where energy is locally generated but negotiated among producers and consumers according to a price signal.

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Enel Distribution Network

Medium Voltage

2000 Primary Substations (HV/MV) 334.000 km 87.500 MVA

Low Voltage

345.000 Secondary Substations (MV/LV) 725.000 km 65.700 MVA

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Enel Environment and Innovation Project: Smart Grid Project

Objective: Development and Experimentation of innovative solutions for a strong penetration of distributed generation from renewable sources in distribution grids, according to the European SmartGrids Technology Platform guidelines. Responsibilities:

Distribution Grid Models

Research Technical Area Generator Models Generator Control Systems

MV grid control and protection systems

MV grid communication systems

Field Tests
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Project Phases
Optimized Management of Well-established Technologies Grids with bidirectional power flows

Active Grids

Innovative Technologies

Smart Grids

Advanced Technologies

Research will support the most innovative part of well-established technologies and will develop medium and long time term projects supporting involved operating units.

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First Phase: Optimized Management of Actual Grids

Transmission Grid (HV) Control Centre Distribution Grid (MV)

Objectives: To manage distribution grids with high penetration of DG, avoiding generation detachment for single protection intervention To allow a major penetration of distributed generation

To increase system reliability

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Second phase: Active Grids

Transmission Grid (HV) Control Centre

Objectives: To allow island operation To manage generation and load balancing To manage separation and parallel with other grids To improve grid access

Distribution
Grid (MV)

To increase grid availability

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Third phase: Smart Grid (DMS)

Objectives: To allow production dispatchment To allow demand response and demand side management To promote the development of an energy market To allow energy network integration (Gas and electricity) To allow grid services exchange

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Research and Universities Cooperation

6 Electrical Engineering Departments : BOLOGNA, CAGLIARI, GENOVA, NAPOLI, PADOVA, PISA

University will support Enel Research in the most innovative aspects of the project and in the development of medium and long time projects: it will actively cooperate to the experimental tests. The main cooperation areas will be:

Mathematical Models Laboratory tests

University and Research can rely on: Knowledge and personnel

Availability of Complementary competences Strong team work vocation and application of scientific knowledge

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Smart Grid: 2007-2011 Development Plan

Permissions Project Construction and commissioning Experimental Activity

2007

2008
Autorizzazione costruzione infrastruttura sperimentale

2009
Completamento autorizzazioni per sottorete BT Progettazione matrice di prove per rete prototipale Progettazione e specificazione rete e dispositivi BT Acquisizione componenti infrastruttura Realizzazione infrastruttura sperimentale Avviamento ed integrazione sistemi Avvio procedure per acquisizione sistemi BT

2010

2011

Business plan approval and first bureaucratic procedures Test network definiton Test Facility first design Test facility Components identifcation

Progettazione esecutiva infrastruttura sperimentale Simulazione gestione rete attiva Progettazione funzionalit e gestione DMS per la reti attive Acquisizione componenti infrastruttura Apertura cantiere per infrastruttura sperimentale Avvio procedure per completamento forniture Commissioning e prove su sistemi acquisiti Sperimentazione strumentazione e comunicazione

Simulazione Rete di riferimento MT/BT Progettazione funzionalit e gestione DMS per la reti smart MT/BT

Integrazione reti MT/BT

Acquisizioni e integrazione sistemi BT Sperimentazione della rete attiva MT

Sperimentazione della rete attiva MT/BT

SW tools acquisition Instrumentation Acquisition

Sperimentazione della rete attiva MT

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Modeling and Simulation Analysis (1)

General objectives To define the project vision, the fundamental concepts and the system architecture. To develop the necessary tools to support all project phases through numerical simulations. Notes The definition of one ore more simulation environments allows: Exchange of simulation configurations Sharing of data and results among the project partecipants 2007-2008 Activity Topology and data identification of test network

Identification and acquisition of simulation environments

Development, integration and test of component models

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Modeling and Simulation Analysis (2)

Reference Network

Development and use of simulation tools to

support all steps of the project has initiated

The chosen reference network is a typical

distribution MV grid, working in radial mode with the possibility of connections. It includes:

Feeders departing from one HV/MV substation

Distributed Generators (DG)

Implementation of the Smart Grid model of

Livorno site is almost completed

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Modeling and Simulation Analysis (3)

Reference Network
Adopted Software Platforms :

DIgSilent Power Factory: for the steadystate phenomena analysis

EMTP-RV: for the fast transition phenomena

analysis

Developed models:
Gas turbine and wind generator Static VAR compensator Dynamic loads Lines, protections and substations Developed DMS and EMS functions: Generation curtailment Load shedding Voltage and power control strategies with
coordinated behaviour of generation units

Power Quality indexes calculation

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Smart Grid Test Facilities (1)

General Objectives To verify the feasibility of developed solution on real distribution networks, along all project phases

Notes This activity includes: Design and development of Livorno Experimental Area All activities related to test of innovative instrumentation, communication rigs Integration of developed solutions on real Distribution networks
2007-2008 Activities Design, authorization plan, components acquisition for Livorno Experimental Area Design, acquisition and first application of measurement tools and instruments

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Smart Grid Test Facility (2)

The Smart Grid experimental area realization is in progress in the Research Experimental Area of Livorno, Italy
Experimental issues:

Management of balance including

independent thermal and electric loads

Operation in intentional islanding and

connected to public network

Study and development of control and

interface systems

Study of storage and a compensation

systems with power and quality functions

Study and development of protection

systems for low short circuit power systems

Development of grid operation and control

systems

Test and development of communication

systems
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Smart Grid Test Facility (3)

The test facility includes:

A dispatching 15kV panel, including two

sections to allow the configuration of a MV feeder with different topologies, up to four nodes.

A connection to MV public grid through the

upstream grid emulation system and island switchgear

Cable and over-head line emulators An electrical test area with several
generation systems

A thermal test area for load emulation

A test facility with a low voltage active grid

connected with the Smart Grid

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Smart Grid Test Facility (4)

Medium/Low Voltage Active Grid Prototype

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Smart Grid Test Facility (5)

Instrumentation for control and power quality
Distributed architecture for different types of instruments:

Standards instruments : commercial CT and VT High-performance instruments : Fluke family Prototypal customer instruments : CRIO
National Instruments

Instrument Applications:

Monitoring and control of the main electrical

measurements at the network nodes

Determination of the parameters to define

Power Quality indexes

Developing innovative tools for the analysis,

management and control of active networks synchro phasors analysis

Voltage measurements in order to develop

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Distribuited Generation Systems (1)

The research themes, which will be validated first in the simulation environment and then on the field, are: Dispersed generation modeling for the evaluation of coordinated behavior of generation units, with following integration on a real operated grid. Voltage control strategies on MV active network, to be implemented in generator control systems. Integrated management of network resources, deriving some concepts from HV secondary regulation. Test will be undertaken in critical conditions, both connected to the grid and in islanding mode. Smart Grid MV Generation units: Generation types were chosen according to current distributed generation parks. A conventional generation system (1MWe) consisting of an internal combustion motor and a co-generation system. A gas turbine based generation system (about 650 kWe) and a trigenerative system, including a boiler and an absorption chiller. Two Fuel Cell generation system (250 and 500 kWe), based on different technologies

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Low Voltage Grid Components

Low Voltage Generation Systems:

Micro Grid test facility Wide spectrum of market available

technologies:

Photovoltaic Panels Mini Wind Generators Small Domestic cogeneration

systems

Low Voltage Grid Loads: Real loads, such as a smart house loads Load emulation for developing a nd testing of advanced load management

Fuel Cells
Generator size:10 100 kW.

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (1)

Storage system
Aims of the Project:

To identify storage systems typologies and

accommodation, according to their capacity and use.

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Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (2)

Static VAR Compensator System
Aims of the Project:

Conceive storage systems functions,

size and position.

Improve the management of the grid. Improve the quality of the service.
Research and Experimental s Themes:
Development, implementation and test of the following services:

Power and energy transfer Slow voltage regulation and rephasing Emergency Active filtering Ramp Fast voltage regulation and rephasing Short-time interruptions and voltage holes coverage

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Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (3)

Static VAR Compensator System
Power Quality Service Case of study: 1MW load and a 1MVA compensator. The transient reported shows the tripping of the mains at t=0.7s, the resynchronisation at t=1.7s, a step in the voltage reference Vrf0 at t=2.5s and a step in the frequency reference f0 at t=3.5s.
1000 750 500 250 0 -250 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 time [s] 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
P [kW] Q [kvar]

1250 1000 750 500 250 0 -250

P [kW] Q [kvar]

0.5

1.5

2.5 time [s]

3.5

4.5

Fig. 3. Inverter real and reactive power.

Fig. 5. Load real and reactive power

1250 1000 750 500 250 0 -250

P [kW] Q [kvar]

50.5 50 [Hz] 49.5 49

0.5

1.5

2.5 time [s]

3.5

4.5

48.5

0.5

1.5

2.5 time [s]

3.5

4.5

Fig. 4. Mains supplied real and reactive power.

Fig. 6. Inverter terminal frequency

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Emulated Systems (1)

Electrical Load Emulators The research activity will afford themes related to load estimation, modelling techniques and load control policies.

As it will be necessary to reply different load trends, according to network power level, an emulation load system will be employed.
Through a proper controlled inverter system it will be possible to reproduce active and reactive load power profiles for an amount of about 2MW.

Thermal Load Emulators

The availability of thermal emulation system is essential to dissipate the thermal power produced by co/tri-generative systems, in an independent way of real available thermal users. This system will allow the modulation of the cold/warm load request in order to control generators in different ways (thermal or electrical load follow modes). Thermal load profiles will be reproduced to simulate the real behaviour of this type of systems when they are connected to a real heating/conditioning network.
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Emulated Systems (2)

Electrical Generation Units Emulators The size and the urban location of the test facility do not allow the installation of renewable generation such as wind park.

This type of electrical generation will be emulated through controlled inverter systems; these will allow the reproduction of different generation profiles and the emulation of the control system too.

Electrical Grid and Line Emulators In order to test a variable topology network some devices could vary total impedance of MV electrical lines or of the upstream network. Through the network emulator the feeding condition of the experimental network could be varied respect to the upstream primary station. The dispatching panel, together with the protection and lines emulation system, will set up a MV feeder, emulating over-head and underground lines for an amount of about 30 km.

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (1)

Today and future issues for MV network management

Maintenance of adequate voltage profiles Management of protections systems Control of power conversion systems

Network stability Dispatching of different resources Management of power quality Providing of ancillary services

The research project objectives:

Guidelines for the DG integration in the planning of electricity networks, including protection
devices and related control system

Identification of innovative HW/SW tools to develop new network management criteria Criteria for integrated management of generators and loads

Criteria for establishment of a MV dispatching system

Identification and valorization of ancillary services

Evolution from control and supervision to integrated management

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SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (2)

The automation and control system of the test facility network
The automation and control system of the test facility network was designed with the objective of getting a suitable environment for the development, integration and testing of management functions of a MV grid.

Basic functions for managing the network in a safety way (SCADA Server) Innovative features of management and coordinated control of devices in the network
(DMS Server)

Input Consumption and generation programs Real-time Power Request Adjustment Measurements from nodes in the field Output Operation Set Point for MV generators and loads Operation Set Point for LV micro-grid controller Optimization Power flows on the MV and LV network Exploitation of distributed energy resources Power Quality at each network node
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SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (3)

System architecture
Architectural requests:

Modularity HW to allow start-up sizing

and future expansion of the plant

Flexibility of functions performed by

centralized service station

High reliability, obtained by redundant

main systems and by sub-division of the system into autonomous functional areas

Interoperability of electrical devices High maintainability, guaranteed by auto

diagnostic functions and by automatic recovery of anomalies

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Communication System (1)

Requirements

The communication system will ensure:

Efficiency: ability to exchange data in real-time mode Reliability: possibility of retaining data exchange in situations of difficulty of communication (distance, meteorological agents, presence of foreign sources and noises) and to restore the link once interrupted; Security: it will be essential to secure the secrecy and integration of the information

Low-Cost: it allows widespread installation which distribution network

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Communication System (2)

Architecture

The communication system of the experimental

area should allow the exchange of information and commands for the project activities, identifying the most suitable technologies for the different application, both in testing and in the real operation of the generators.

Data exchange will then be tested also in the

application level. Particularly, the communication standard IEC61850 is suitable to create a fast and flexible communication structure.

The architecture of communication system provides interconnection between various components and buildings using as physical layer fiber optic cables.

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Communication System (3)

Experimental activities in the test facility
Research and Experimental s Themes:
Development, implementation and test of the following technologies:

Link from DMS to local controller of

generators/ MV load: Hiperlan

Link from DMS to microgrid controller of

LV: UMTS

Link from microgrid controller to

load/generators : Powerline

LV

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Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS 2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY 3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS 4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM 5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS 6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS) 7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES

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Regulation, Authority, Ancillary services

General Objectives Identification and valorization of new ancillary services to be integrated in Smart Grids management Definition and tracing of a new organic normative system Notes

New services :
From generation systems From active distribution networks towards transmission networks DSO-TSO New Relationships Rights/Dues definition for the different actors Regulation activity must be continuous and will affect: Technical committees and National/ European authorities Network Access Rules Definition Valorization of multi-carrier distribution systems (electricity gas)

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Smart Grid Project

Sandra Scalari ENEL Research Technical Area

27th May 2008