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EMTDC/PSCAD (INTRODUCTION)
EMTDC (ElectroMagnetic Transients for HVDC). Developed in 1975 by Manitoba Hydro to study the Nelson River HVDC power system Used extensively for many types of power simulation studies, Used in both Unix and PC systems A more user friendly version of EMTP program PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) A graphical User Interface to EMTDC PSCAD V1 in 1988 on Apollo workstations, PSCAD V2 in 1995 on Unix systems PSCAD V3 in 1999 for PC Windows platforms. (not available in Unix).
Your login file .cshrc should be modified to include the path lines. These computers can be accessed by other workstation computers by telneting, or by PCs using Xwindows software.
TELNET
Assume you are using X machine which does not have the EMTDC license and want to telnet to Y machine X:/home/ loginname > xhost Y X:/home/ loginname > telnet Y X:/home/ loginname > setenv DISPLAY X:0.0 Y:/home/ loginname > PSCAD &
XWINDOWS
A trial version of Xwindows can be downloaded from http://www.starnet.com. There is a two hour usage limit.
EMTDC/PSCAD INTERFACE
Matlab
Excel
EMTDC STRUCTURE
Multiple Run Loop Control of Multiple Run Optimization Initialization Start EMTDC form DATA field or SNAPSHOT Main Time Loop TIME = TIME + DELT Solve for History Terms DSDYN User defined master dynamics files Network Solution Interpolation DSOUT Runtime Communication Write Output Files Is run finished? Interpolation algorithm, switching procedures, and chatter removal User defined output definition file Bi-directional socket communication to GUI Generation of output files for future plotting Control of Multiple Run Optimization Solution for Node Voltages and currents using sparsity algorithm Calculate history terms current injections for inductors, capacitors, transformers, lines and cables
PSCAD/DRAFT MODULE Collection of components or circuits can be dragged from library palette
into drawing canvas to assembly a circuit. Network Components: RLC components, Transformers with saturation, Frequency dependent transmission lines cables, synchronous machines, induction motors with exciter governor and turbine models, faults, breakers, surge arresters, current voltage sources, multiple harmonic injectors Power Electronics Components: Thyristors, diodes, GTOs, HVDC valve group, SVS and FACTS devices Control Blocks: Derivative, delay, differential lag, integrator, limit, complex pole, real pole, lead lag, filter, amplifier, switch and Boolen functions Meters: Voltmeters, ammetters, real reactive power meters, peak detectors, phase angle and frequency meters
PSCAD/DRAFT MODULE
The components can be rotated mirrored, selected, deselected, grouped, moved copied, cut or pasted. The wires can be resized. User components can be created Subsystems Meters to measure electrical quantities Output Channels to plot measured quantities Operator controlled inputs (slider, push button, etc.) to provide interactive control during a simulation Miniature Pallets for navigation Circuit can be loaded, saved from batch pull down menu, and can be either printed to a file in postscript format or to a printer Circuit compilation conducts a sanitary check and creates files for RUNTIME module. If there is any warning or errors, diagnostic message pops up after compilation
PSCAD/RUNTIME MODULE
Console setting is performed from create pull down menu plots and meters to display the monitored outputs slider, push buttons to interactively control the inputs during the simulation run Plots can be zoomed, scaled or resized. Three curves into one graph and 5 graphs into one plot Plot and output time output step can be reentered Pressing a single menu button, simulation is started. The simulation then can be paused, single stepped, resumed or stopped. After initialization process (reaching to a steady state, a snapshot file can be created. Filename.out is created to document, print or analyze the results using MULTIPLOT. Repeated simulations are created using Multiple runs feature Double precision to avoid numerical instability
PSCAD/MULTIPLOT MODULE This module is used for documentation and analysis of the results.
Fourier Analysis Waveform Calculator Graph formatting and labeling Flexible layout Files of Filename.out and Filename.inf are needed to plot the monitored outputs Can be printed to a file in .ps format or a printer. Output file can be processed using any other software once the correspondence of each column is known.
EMTDC/TYPICAL STUDIES
Find overvoltages in a power system due to a fault or breaker operation. Transformer non-linearities (ie saturation) are a critical factor and are represented. Multiple run facilities are often used to run hundreds of simulations to find the worst case when varying the point on wave of the fault, type of fault, or location of the fault. Find overvoltages in a power system due to a lightning strike. This simulation would be performed with a very small time step (nano-seconds). Find the harmonics generated by a SVC, HVDC link, STATCOM, machine drive (virtually any power electronic device). Detailed models for thyristors, GTO, IGBT, diodes.. are required, as are detailed models of the associated control systems (both analogue and digital).
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