5 Paint Types

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Alkyd paints
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JPS-E / Generic types /1
Alkyd
The word is divided in two parts to make it understandable: AL KYD (Norwegian) AL CID (English)
AL is coming from alcohol, CID or KYD From the English word acid. Alkyd is made from alcohol + acid + oil
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Advantages
Good application
Alkyd Paints
Properties
Limitations
Poor chemical resistance
(especially against alkaline) Limited water resistance (submerged) Limited solvent resistance Limited film thickness per coat Poor adhesion to CR Never to be used on Zinc
properties 1-component Good weather durability Good wetting properties Good recoatability Good levelling properties Good gloss retention Dry heat resistant up to 120 C.
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Alkyd Paints
Advantages
Good application properties 1-component Good weather durability Good wetting properties Good recoatability Good levelling properties Good gloss retention Dry heat resistant up to 120 C.
Alkyd Paints
Limitations
Poor chemical resistance (especially against

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alkaline) Limited water resistance (submerged) Limited solvent resistance Limited film thickness per coat Poor adhesion to CR Never to be used on Zinc (Saponification)
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Segments
Alkyd paint
Where to use
Ships Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance All exterior and interior
objects Only above water
Surface preparation
Objects
St 2 to Sa 2 or shopprimed
steel
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Alkyd paint
Experience
Blistering and flaking on Zinc.

May give flaking on CR
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Alkyd paint
Typical System
Cromoprimer Pilot I Pilot II Total
1 x 40 microns 1 x 40 microns 1 x 40 microns 120 microns
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Modified Alkyd paint
Styrene alkyds - Quicker drying Silicone alkyds - better gloss retention
Urethane alkyds - Quicker drying, better

water and chemical resistance. Can be applied in thicker coats (60-100 microns DFT)
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Modified Alkyd Paint
Typical Pre-treatment and System

Pre-treatment : St 2 - Sa 2,5 System : Mammut Primer 1 x 80 microns Mammut Top coat : 1 x 80 microns
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Alkyd based products from JOTUN

Urethane Alkyd: Mammut Primer Mammut Topcoat Royal White Silicone Alkyd: Correx Ultra Topcoat White
Alkyd: Alkyd primer Aluflex Conseal Primer Cromoprimer Deckpaint Pilot I and II Engine Enamel Ultra Topcoat
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Styrene Alkyd: Quick Step
Glassflake
Polyester
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Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester

For protection of steel and, in certain cases,
Aluminium and concrete. The glass-flakes are 3-5 microns thick and 400 microns across. Potlife : Approximately 45 minutes. Curing time: Approximately 3 hours. Thickness 600 - 1500 microns per coat.
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Advantages
Very fast curing - Can be used after few
hours - Gives short docking time - Trouble shooter
Hardness and wear

resistance - Few mechanical damages - Low maintenance costs - Long maintenance intervals - Very good chemical resistance Perfect adhesion to steel - No undercutting - Excellent corrosion protection
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One coat system - 1500 microns dry film Solvent free
Glass-flake Reinforced Poly-ester
Limitations
Short potlife (approximately 45 minutes). Limited storage stability
(approximately 6 months at 23 oC). Film surface not entirely smooth Temperature limitations Can be used from 10 oC to approximately 40 oC. Unfavourable working conditions because of the styrene content. Overcoating (with Baltoflake) min. 2 hours and max.12 hours.
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System specification
On blast cleaned steel Sa 2 Surface roughness 50 - 100 microns.
Normal exposure: Tough exposure: Extra tough exposure:
1 x 750 microns 1 x 1000 microns 2 x 750 microns
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Properties
Limitations Temperature dependent Short potlife Recoating interval
2 - 12 hours experienced on Zinc primers and galvanised surfaces.
Advantages Quick curing Variable curing time Application with airless Excellent mechanical strength
increases mechanical strength and water resistance.
Glass-flakes reduce shrinkage, Bad curing may be
Very good chemical resistance

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Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester (Styrene free)
Properties
Advantages
Styrene free Dry to handle in 2 hours Cures down to 5 C
(2-component pump) Excellent mechanical strength
Limitations
Temperature dependent
(Cures down to 10 C by normal airless spray) Short potlife Recoating interval 1 hour to 2 weeks (23 C ) Require Sa 2 and a roughness of 50-100 microns
Very good adhesion Very good water resistance.
Very good chemical

resistance
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Bad curing may be experienced

on Zinc primers and galvanised surfaces.
Glass Flake Filled Polyester Coatings

Baltoflake, Styrene containing Norpol Catalyst No.1 excellent steel protection excellent corrosion protection excellent water resistance compatible with Cathodic Protection excellent resistance to acids good resistance to many solvents superior abrasion resistant
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Jotuns Glass-flake Reinforced Products
Baltoflake Baltoflake Ecolife (Styrene free)
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? Curing of two pack coatings at 23oC

Hardness. Shore D units
80
60
40
20
0 2
10
Baltoflake
20
30
Solvent free epoxy for concrete
40
50
Hours
Solvent less epoxy for steel
Thixotropisk solvent free epoxy
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Chlorinated Rubber
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Chlorinated Rubber Paints
Properties
Advantages
Physically drying Not temperature
dependent Easy to recoat One component Very good water resistance Relatively good chemical resistance
Limitations
Poor solvent resistance Low solid content Relatively poor wetting properties Thermoplastic Dry heat resistant up to approx. 70 C
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Modification of Chlorinated Rubber
Properties improved through modification with:

ALKYD Hardness, gloss retention, solid content Light tolerance, gloss retention
ACRYL
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Chemistry
Chlorinated Rubber: Manufactured through chlorination of natural or synthetic rubber.
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Key Data
Used for all positions on ship and in

industry Require blast-cleaned steel or intact shop primer Low volume solid content Not temperature dependent during application Good water and chemical resistance
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Where to use
Segments
Ships Offshore Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance Below and above water All external surfaces Blast-cleaned to Sa 2 or
shopprimed steel
Objects
Surface preparation
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Advantages

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Physically drying 1-pack Not dependent on temperature Easy to recoat Chemical resistant Water resistant Good corrosion protection
Limitations
Poor resistance to solvents Low solids by volume (35 - 40%) Relatively poor penetrating properties Require good pre-treatment (Sa 2 ) Thermoplastic Dry heat resistance up to approx. 70 C
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Chlorinated Rubber
Experience
Resoluble: Good intercoat adhesion Do not apply CR primers above 70 - 80 m DFT.
May have entrapped air in the film. No temperature limitation during application, but keep the paint warm at low temperatures. Decompose to release Chlorine at service temperatures above 70 C Alkyd on top of CR may have poor adhesion
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Chlorinated Rubber
Typical Pre-treatment and System

Pre-treatment: Sa 2 Primer: 3 x 75 microns
Topcoat: Total DFT:

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1 x 40 microns 265 microns
JOTUNs Chlorinated Rubber Paints
Pioner Primer
Pioner Topcoat
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Epoxy paints - General
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Experience When Using Epoxy Paints

Correct mixing ratio Good mixing Potlife Induction time Correct pre-treatment Correct film thickness Adequate ventilation
Temperature dependent
curing Avoid high humidity Minimum and maximum curing times Time for fully cured Use epoxy thinner Health and epoxy
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Epoxy Paints
Corrosion Protection
Paint Barrier
2 O O 2
H22 O O H
Salter Salt
Barrikade med maling (min. 200 my) STL STEEL
Acts mainly as a barrier. No active pigments

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Epoxy Paints in General
Heating Equipment
Do not use Propane or Paraffin oil
They produce Water and Carbon dioxide This may give Amine swetting and
formation of Amine Carbamate (Blooming)
The consequence will be poor adhesion for the subsequent coat
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Epoxy Paints in General Side-reactions

Amines may react with present Water and Carbon dioxide to give Carbamate: R-NH2 + H2 O + CO2 Amine Carbamate
Result: Sweating Uncured Epoxy Tacky film White stains

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Curing agents for Epoxy Paints

Polyamides:
Normal epoxy paints
Amine and amine adduct:

Solvent free coatings Tankcoating
Isocyanates:
Low temperature curing Reaction with -OH
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Temperature, C
40
Epoxy Paints
Curing Diagram
30
20
10
14
28
Curing time, days

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Pure Epoxy paints
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Advantages
Pure Epoxy Paints
Properties
Limitations
Chalking Temp. dependent 2 - component Requires blast cleaning Overcoating time Chemical curing Very good chemical resistance High alkali resistance Moderate resistance to acids Good adhesion Very low permeability High mechanical strength Dry heat resistant up to 120
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Pure Epoxy Paints
Beneficial Properties
High water resistance
Very low permeability

Very good adhesion
Good chemical resistance

High alkali resistance
Dry temperature
resistant up to 120 C
Moderate acid resistance

High mechanical strength
Corrosion protection Potable water tanks Easy to clean
High durability
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Pure Epoxy Paints
Limitations

Require blast-cleaning to Sa 2 Chalking when exposed to sunlight Temperature dependent during application (min. 10 C) Two-component Overcoating time Health risk: Epoxy eczema or allergy
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Pure Epoxy Paints
Typical System
Pre-treatment: Sa 2 or intact Shopprimer 1) Penguard HB 2 x 100micron Penguard Topcoat 1 x 50micron Total DFT 250 micron 2) Penguard Primer Penguard HB Penguard Topcoat Total DFT 1 x 50micron 1 x 100micron 1 x 50 micron 200 microns
For better gloss retention: Use Hardtop AS

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Pure Epoxy Paints
Where to Use
Ships Offshore Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance Chemical cargo tanks Blast-cleaned to Sa 2 or
shopprimed steel
Objects
Surface preparation
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Jotuns Pure Epoxy Products

Primers and midcoats Epoxy Holdingprimer Penguard Clear Varnish Penguard HB Penguard HB WG Penguard Primer Penguard Special
Penguard Stayer Penguard Tiecoat Naviguard (Solvent free) Tankguard HB Tankguard Special Jotaspeed Mio Jotaspeed ZP
Epoxy glass-flake
Topcoats Penguard Topcoat Tankguard HB Tankguard Special Topcoat

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Marathon Marathon IQGF
Tar Epoxy paints
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Advantages:
Chemically curing More flexible
Epoxy Coal Tar
Properties
Limitations:
Dark colour Temp. dependent 2-component Recoating interval
Excellent water resistance Better wetting properties
Dry heat resistant up to 90 C Bleeding when recoated Coal Tar is carcinogenic

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Epoxy Coal Tar versus Pure Epoxy

Reduced chemical and solvent resistance Reduced dry heat resistance Increased water resistance Better wetting properties
Used for: Submerged areas, cargo holds and ballast tanks

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Jotuns Coal Tar Epoxy Paints

Jotaguard 85 Jotaguard Special Navitar AS (Solvent free) Safeguard
Coal Tar Epoxy 82

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Epoxy Mastic paints
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Epoxy Mastic Key Data
Recommended use: Universally Very good penetrating properties High build; Can be applied in thick coats High solids by volume content Temperature dependent (WG: -5C) Topcoat is recommended for outdoor exposures.
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Epoxy Mastic Paints
Pre-treatment St2 - Sa 2, Water jetting,

Magnesium stripping or existing paint system. Dry film thickness: 150 - 300 m/coat. Volume solid: 75 - 87 %. Environmentally friendly. Reduced solvent content. No Isocyanate. No tar. Paint School
Epoxy Mastic Paints
Properties
Advantages
Chemically curing Surface tolerant Light colours Very good water resistance Very good wetting properties Good chemical resistance High solid content High build (Thick coats) Winter curing agent Dry heat resistant up to 90 C
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Limitations
Chalking Temperature dependent Not to be applied on
thick coats of physically curing paints Minimum DFT 150 m by airless spray
Epoxy Mastic Paints
Important Properties
1. Extended service life. 2. Penetration 3. Adhesion Surface tolerant 4. Elastic 5. Very low permeability 6. Volume solids (high) 7. High film thickness (curing) 8. Easy to apply 9. Suitable as a primer (easy to overcoat) 10. Good flow properties at specified WFT 11. No dissolving of old paint
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Epoxy Mastic Paints
General Characteristics
Surface tolerant. High solids. High build. Reduced application time (less cost). Environmentally friendly.
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Epoxy Mastic Paints
Advantages
Surface tolerant (St 2, Sa 2 , Water jetting, exist. paint). Very good wetting properties. Chemically curing. Very good water resistance. Good chemical resistance. High solid content (87 - 70 %). High build: Can be applied to thick coats (150 - 300 m). Winter curing agent available (-5C). Environmentally friendly No Isocyanate, no tar, less solvents. Dry heat resistant up to 90 C Can be applied on top of most other paints
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Epoxy Mastic Paints
Limitations
Chalking. Not UV - resistant Temperature dependent for curing Do not apply it on thick layers of
physically drying paints
Minimum DFT 150 microns by airless spray
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Segments
Epoxy Mastic Paints
Where to use
Ships Offshore Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance Ballast tanks and Cargo tanks All exterior and interior
surfaces, above and below water Surface preparation
Objects
St 2 to Sa 2 or Water jetted,
Magnesium stripped or shopprimed steel
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Epoxy Mastic Paints
High volume Solids: 70 % - 87 %

Vol. % solids
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Vinyl CR Alkyd Poly- Epoxy Jotamastic urethane 87
Economical to use Reduced/eliminated

compatibility risks More environmentally friendly Elimination of sandwich coats
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Epoxy Mastic Paints
Jotamastic 87
Pre-treatment:
St 2 - Sa 2 , existing paint system, Water jetting. Dry film thickness: 150 - 300 m Volume solid: Wintergrade Jotamastic 87 : 70 % Jotamastic 87 (Alu.) : 87 % Application: Brush, Roller or Airless Spray Environmentally friendly: High volume solid - less solvents. No tar or isocyanates.
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Jotamastic 87
Pre-treatment
Jotamastic 87 gives very good corrosion protection of steel on following substrates:
Wirebrushing St 2 and St3 Blast-cleaning Sa1 - Sa 2 Water Jetted surfaces. Magnesium descaled surfaces Existing, old paint, except thick physically drying paints.
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Jotamastic 87
CURING
Jotamastic 87
Down to + 10 C
WG Jotamastic 87
Down to - 5 C (Recommended from +15 to -5C)
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Jotuns Epoxy Mastic Paints

Also as Winter Grade version Also as Winter Grade version Also as Winter Grade version Also as Winter Grade version Also as Winter Grade version Also as Winter Grade version Also as Winter Grade version
Balloxy HB Light Balloxy NB Light Jotamastic 87 Jotamastic 87 Aluminium Jotamastic 87 GF Primastic Primastic Universal Polymastic 100 Polyguard SS
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Vinyl paints
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Advantages
Vinyl paints
Properties
Limitations
Low solid content Poor resistance against
Strong solvents Dry heat resistant up to approximately 80 C
Physically drying High chemical resistance Good water resistance Quick drying Not temperature dependent One-component
Used for: Exterior objects above water Offshore on top of Zinc-ethylsilicate

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Vinyl Tar - Modified type
Properties
Advantages

Higher content of solids Higher water resistance Better wetting properties Cost advantages
Disadvantages
Bleeding Dark colours Tar on cancer list
Used for:
Under water areas
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Product
Jotuns Vinyl Based Paints

Type
Vinyl Tie-coat Vinyl Vinyl-Acrylic
Area of use
Above waterline Ships and Chemical industry
Vinyproof Primer Vinyproof HB Vernyl Topcoat
Vinyguard Black Vinyguard Brown

Vinyguard Silvergrey 88 (Redtoned)
Vinyl/Tar Vinyl/Tar Al.pigmented Modified vinyl
Below waterline on ships-offshore constructions etc. Below waterline primer/sealer
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Polyurethane paints
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Polyurethane Paints
Properties
Advantages
Very good weather
Limitations
2-pack resistance May cause skin irritation Excellent gloss durability Overcoating time Very good chemical
resistance Very good solvent resistance Cures down to 0 C
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Segments
Polyurethane Paints
Where to use
Ships Offshore Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance All exterior substrates above
water (Also internal at times)
Objects
Surface preparation
On top of Epoxy, Epoxy

Mastic and Polyester coatings
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Jotuns Polyurethane Paints
Hardtop AS (High gloss) Hardtop HB (Semi gloss) Futura AS (High gloss)
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Gloss
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 400 800
UV - Light
Gloss Retention for Various Paints
Weatherguard Polyurethane Epoxy Alkyd
1200
1600
2200
Hours accelerated testing

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Zinc rich paints
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Advantages

Zinc Epoxy
Properties
Limitations

Temperature dependent 2-component Film thickness: 25 - 50 m Not acid- and alkaline resistant (Resistant between pH 5-9)
Chemically curing Good corrosion protection Good adhesion Require min. Sa 2 Good mechanical strength May be recoated with all types of paint, except Alkyd Dry heat resistant up to 120 C
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Zinc Epoxy Paints
Advantages
Good corrosion protection Good adhesion Good mechanical strength May be overcoated with all types of paint, except Alkyds Chemically curing Short overcoating time Dry heat resistant up to 120 C
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Zinc Epoxy Paints
Limitations
Temperature dependent (10 C) 2- component DFT: 20 - 50 m (20-30 m for

underwater use) Not acid and alkaline resistant (Resistant at pH range 5 - 9)
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Segments
Zinc Epoxy Paints
Where to use
Ships Offshore Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance All exterior and interior objects
above and below water (as holding primer for underwater use 20-30 microns). Surface preparation Blast-cleaning to minimum Sa 2
Objects
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Advantages
Zinc Ethyl-silicate Paints
Properties
Limitations
Requires humidity for
curing 2-pack Max. DFT: 100 m At higher DFT tendency of mud-cracking or checking
Very good solvent

resistance Very high heath resistance (max 400 oC) Very high mechanical strength Very good adhesion to blast cleaned steel Relatively good recoatability
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Advantages
Very good solvent resistance (Tankcoating) Very good corrosion protection Very good adhesion to blast-cleaned steel Good mechanical strength May be overcoated with all types of paint, except Alkyds Very good heat resistance (max. 400 C)
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Limitations
Require humidity for curing 2-Pack Maximum DFT approximately 100 m
(At higher DFT tendency of checking or cracking) Curing has to be checked (ASTM 4752) before overcoating Use a tie coat or mistcoat / fullcoat technique for the first subsequent coat. Short shelf life : 6 months at 23 C Very good heat resistance (max. 400 C)
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Segments
Where to use
Ships Offshore Industry Newbuildings / Maintenance All exterior objects above the
waterline. Tank coating and Water ballast tank (No paint on top) Surface preparation Blast-cleaning to minimum Sa 2
Objects
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Organic Zinc Coatings
Chemistry
Molecule structure: Mainly carbon atoms consisting of crosslinked polymers in a 3-dimensional network.
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Inorganic and Organic Zinc Coatings
Chemistry
Molecules : Inorganic : Silica, Oxygen and Zinc Small molecules of metallic silicates such as sodium silicate Small molecules of metallic silicates such as Ethyl-silicate cross-linked in a 3dimensional network which is very insoluble and resistant
Organic
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Jotuns Zinc Rich Paints

Barrier (Epoxy) Jotabar ZEP (Epoxy) Jotacoat 5 (Alkali-silicate, inorganic) Prosil ZSP (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic) Resist GTI (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic) Resist 78 (Ethyl-silicate, inorganic) WaterFine Zn Primer (Alkali-silicate, inorganic)
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Heat resistant paints
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Aluminium Silicone Paints
Properties
Pure aluminium silicone:
Resistant up to approximately 600C
Modified aluminium silicone:

Resistant up to approximately 400C
To be applied in thin coats only (20 m)

Heavier coats may give blistering Remember: To be applied on Sa 2 Overcoating only on fully cured Zinc silicate
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Jotuns Heat Resistant Paints

Aluminium Paint HR (modified) : Hot Temp Aluminium (modified): Hot Temp Zinc (modified): Slvalitt (modified): Slvalitt Zinc (modified):
250 C 600 C 500 C 600 C 400 C
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Heat Resistant Paints
Properties
Pure and modified Aluminium Silicone paints
are heat resistant from 250 and up to 600 C. The exact temperature limit depends on the degree of modification Addition of Zinc pigments will improve the temperature resistance. Usually, up to 400 C.
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Surface Preparation and Typical Systems

Surface preparation: Blast-cleaning to Sa 2
Dry conditions at 600 C: 2 x 20 m Slvalitt

Corrosive environments at 400 C: 1 x 30 m Slvalitt Zn + 2 x 20 m Slvalitt or 1- 2 x 20 m Slvalitt on 50 to 80 m Resist GTI (Zinc -ethylsilicate)
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Where to Use
On objects exposed to high temperatures.

Temperature range: 120 - 600 C. In corrosive environments: Use a Zinc primer (Zinc -ethyl silicate or heat resistant Zinc primer
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Experience
Apply only thin coats, approx. 20 - 25 m Thicker coats may give blistering Pure Aluminium Silicone is tacky at
ambient temperature. Becomes hard after 1 hour at 230 C. (post curing)
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What Is Waterborne Paint?
Binder can be dissolved in water (stoving enamel)
Binder can be dispersed in water (air drying paints)
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Why Water Borne Coatings ?
Concern about pollution of the

environment
Reduce the emission of solvents

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Water Borne Paints
Is water the only solvent ?

No ! Dependant on the choice of binder small amounts of special solvent (coalescing agent), emulsifiers or plastizers are added.
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Water Borne Paints
Advantages of Water as Main Diluent
Lower emission of solvents Improved working environment Thinner and cleaner coming out of
the water tap
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Water Borne Paints
Generic Binders Used

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Acrylic (styrene acrylic) Alkyd Epoxy Polyurethane Styrene - butadiene Vinyl chloride
Water Borne Acrylics
Drying Mechanism Dispersion Paints
Evaporation of water
The coalescing
(melting together) of the binder
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What is a dispersion ?
The binder is present in the shape of small, droplets (insoluble balls) that, by special chemistry, are kept suspended in water without melting together. Size of droplets: 0,1 - 1 microns
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Addition of Solvents and Plasticizers

Why do we need small amounts of special solvents / plasticizers?
If particles are soft at application temperature,

they will melt together to a coherent film.
When hard at this temperature, they will not melt

together and give a cracked film.
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Water Borne Acrylics Film Formation From Dispersions
Wet condition
Progressed drying
Perfect film formation

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Insufficient film formation
Drying process / film formation

Drying process/film formation from aqueous dispersion
Aqueous dispersion on surface Steel
Close packed spheres with water filled voids Steel
Continuous polymer coating Steel
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Technical Properties
Properly chosen formulations may provide
corrosion protection as good as solvent borne acrylics.
Excellent adhesion to metals such as aluminium,

galvanised steel and stainless steel.
Gloss and colour retention may be better

(acrylics).
High degree of flexibility (acrylics).

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Advantages
Good corrosion protection Reduce the emission of solvents Low VOC content Flash point above 100 C Water as thinner / cleaner Good water resistance Good UV - resistance Good adhesion to other generic type of paints No risk of saponification
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Limitations
Due to water-soluble groups, more sensitive to aqueous
solutions (more blistering/earlier corrosion) Slower drying compared to solvent based types Need air flow (good ventilation) Need good pre-treatment Less chemical resistance
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Comparable Solvent Emission

Litres of solvent
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
1. Zinc rich epoxy, 30 microns + solvent borne acrylic, 80 microns 2. Zinc rich epoxy, 30 microns + waterborne acrylic 80, microns 3. Vinyl coating, 2 x 60 microns 4. Waterborne primer, 60 microns + waterborne topcoat, 60 microns
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How to Make Epoxy Hydrophilic
The epoxy resin and the curing agent is made hydrophilic by adding an emulsifier
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Water Borne Epoxy
Film Formation
Evaporation of water The paint film has to flow together
(coalescence) before evaporation of solvents Crosslinking
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Water Borne Epoxy
Advantages
Good corrosion protection Reduce the emission of solvents Low VOC content Flash point above 100 C Water as thinner / cleaner (up to 20 %) Good water resistance Cures down to 5 C Good adhesion to steel, galvanized steel, Aluminium and concrete Good sprayability with airless spray
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Water Borne Epoxy
Limitations

Need air flow (good ventilation at high humidity)
Must be stored above 0 C Shorter potlife compared with solvent borne The same health hazards as solvent borne related to Epoxy Due to water-soluble groups, more sensitive to aqueous solutions (more blistering/earlier corrosion) Dependent on temperature and humidity for drying and curing
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Water Borne Paints
Application
It is important that the application, drying and coalescing conditions are controlled.
Important parameters Temperature Relative humidity Ventilation
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Water Borne Paints
Ideal Guidelines for Application

1. To avoid dry spraying Relative humidity 40 - 60 % Temperature 10 - 25 oC 2. Drying stage Relative humidity < 60 % Temperature 10 - 40 oC Ventilation
Sufficient to keep relative humidity below 60 %
near the surface
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Water Borne Paints
Compromise guidelines
NOTE: Product dependent

1. 2.
Relative humidity 30 - 85 % Temperature 5 - 60 oC Ventilation:

Sufficient to keep the relative humidity between 30 and 85 % close to the surface. Better ventilation is required at a relative humidity in the range of 60 - 85 %
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Water Borne Paints
Conditions during application

Relative humidity (%) 100 90
80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 Temperature ( oC) 60
Recommende conditions during application and drying
Application and drying possible
Application not recommended
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Water Borne Paints
Typical Systems
The WaterFine system (Corrosion class 4) 1 x 40 m DFT WaterFine Zn Primer 1 x 90 m DFT WaterFine Special 1 x 80 m DFT WaterFine Special 1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat Example of a hybrid system: 1 x 200 m DFT Jotamastic 87 Al 1 x 80 m DFT WaterFine Special 1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
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Water Borne Paints
Typical Systems
System for Corrosion class 3 - 4: 2 x 100 m DFT WaterFine Primer 1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
System for Corrosion class 1 - 2: 1 - 2 x 60 m DFT Ferrotex Primer 1 x 50 m DFT WaterFine Topcoat
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JOTUNS Water Borne Products

Ferrotex primer
(1-component, Acrylic) WaterFine Topcoat (1-component, Acrylic) WaterFine Topcoat, semi-gloss (1-component, Acrylic) WaterFine Primer (2-component epoxy) WaterFine Zn Primer (2-component, inorganic Zinc silicate) WaterFine ZEP (3-component epoxy Zinc primer) WaterFine HB (2-component epoxy intermediate coat) WaterFine Special (2-component epoxy intermediate coat)
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Reinforced Vinyl ester
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Vinyl ester Coatings
Glass-flake reinforced Vinylester coating for protection of steel and concrete in aggressive environments.
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Advantages
Very fast curing Very good adhesion Very good abrasion resistance Very good chemical resistance Very good solvent resistance Can be applied by normal airless spray Glass-flakes improve abrasion resistance
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Advantages
Very good chemical resistance Especially at higher temperatures Acids Alkalies Oils Lead free petrol Drilling mud Process waste water Brine
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Limitations
Short potlife (approximately 45 minutes) Overcoating interval:
- Min. 2 hours, max. 24 hours. Limited shelf-life - Approximately 6 months at 23 C Dependent on temperature during application Only to be applied on blast-cleaned steel (Sa 2 )
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Vinyl ester Coatings Where To Use
Storage tanks Cargo tanks Pipelines Concrete reservoirs Chemical plants interior exterior
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Chemflake
Temperature and Degree of Cure

Product Degree of cure (%) Curing time(days) Curing temp (C) Degree of cure (%) Product
Chemflake Classic
77 82 87 96 98 98 99
1 7 27 1 7 27 1 7
25 65 82
78 85 88 95 97 99 99
Chemflake Special and Chemflake CV
At 25 C , 27 days of curing is needed to reach 90 % cure At 65 C , one day of curing gives 95 % cure Fully cured Chemflake is only obtained by one day curing at 82 C The resistance to strong solvents and small molecules improves with the degree of cure Paint School
Application of Polyester and Vinyl ester coatings

Capacity of pump,
min. 12 l/min (airless) Material hose: 3/8 Use teflon packings Nozzle: 0,035-0,053 Angle 40 - 80 o Remove filters Check the W.F.T.
Check ventilation, light etc. Thinner No. 17 or 15,

Acetone for flushing or cleaning Only on blast-cleaned steel Proper mixing Short potlife
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Potlife
Vinyl esters are more reactive than epoxy coatings shorter pot life faster cure temperature sensitive Pot life is adjusted according to ambient temperature low temperature applications (15-20 oC) increase amounts
of Acc. 9802 and Catalyst (1 or 11 type) high temperature applications (25-35 oC) decrease amounts of Acc 9802 and Catalyst (1 or 11) add Norpol Inhibitor No. 9853.
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Norpol Catalysts
Norpol Catalyst No. 1

longer gel time some foaming Baltoflakes/Chemflakes Norpol Catalyst No. 11 shorter gel time less foaming Chemflakes
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The Function of Glass Flakes

Multilayers of flakes in the film approx. 100 layers in a 1000 microns film Barrier against water and chemicals Minimize volumetric shrinkage Improves adhesion to substrate
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Touch-Up Set
Added to Vinyl esters to provide brush

quality For stripe coating sharp edges corners welding seems Delivered as 0,5 kg in 3 litre tin
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Exposure Environments for a Paint System

Storage tanks Long time exposure Cargo tanks Short time exposure to different chemicals
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Clear Varnish
Clear, thixotropic and pre-accelerated vinyl
ester Sealer for concrete application Laminating resin repairs reinforcement Improved Chemflake Clear adhesion application
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Required Pre-treatment and Typical System
Blast-cleaning to min. Sa 2 (ISO 8501)

Roughness approximately 75 microns (50-100 m) Typical system (Chemflake): 2 X 750 m Potlife: Approximately 45 min.
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Advantages of a Vinyl ester compared with a Polyester
Slightly better acid resistance than

Polyester Much better alkalie resistance than Polyester Better solvent resistance than Polyester Better resistance at elevated temperatures
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Jotuns Vinyl Ester Coatings

The Jotun family of Vinyl esters consist of:
Chemflake Classic Chemflake Special Chemflake CV Chemclear Chemflake Touch-Up Set
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Paint Systems
The selection of paint system based on

the following: Substrata Surface Preparation Exposure Design Life Budget
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Blistering and flaking on Zinc.

Cromoprimer Pilot I Pilot II Total

1 x 40 microns 1 x 40 microns 1 x 40 microns 120 microns

Modified Alkyd paint

Styrene alkyds - Quicker drying Silicone alkyds - better gloss retention

Urethane alkyds - Quicker drying, better

Modified Alkyd Paint

Typical Pre-treatment and System

Alkyd based products from JOTUN

Styrene Alkyd: Quick Step

Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester

Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester

Hardness and wear

One coat system - 1500 microns dry film Solvent free

Glass-flake Reinforced Poly-ester

Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester

Normal exposure: Tough exposure: Extra tough exposure:

1 x 750 microns 1 x 1000 microns 2 x 750 microns

Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester

Glass-flakes reduce shrinkage, Bad curing may be

Very good chemical resistance

Glass-flake Reinforced Polyester (Styrene free)

Very good adhesion Very good water resistance.

Very good chemical

Bad curing may be experienced

Glass Flake Filled Polyester Coatings

Jotuns Glass-flake Reinforced Products

Baltoflake Baltoflake Ecolife (Styrene free)

? Curing of two pack coatings at 23oC

Solvent less epoxy for steel

Thixotropisk solvent free epoxy

Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Modification of Chlorinated Rubber

Properties improved through modification with:

Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Chlorinated Rubber: Manufactured through chlorination of natural or synthetic rubber.

Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Used for all positions on ship and in

Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Typical Pre-treatment and System

Topcoat: Total DFT:

1 x 40 microns 265 microns

JOTUNs Chlorinated Rubber Paints

Epoxy paints - General

Experience When Using Epoxy Paints

Barrikade med maling (min. 200 my) STL STEEL

Acts mainly as a barrier. No active pigments

Epoxy Paints in General

Epoxy Paints in General Side-reactions

Result: Sweating Uncured Epoxy Tacky film White stains

Curing agents for Epoxy Paints

Amine and amine adduct:

Curing time, days

Pure Epoxy paints

Pure Epoxy Paints

Pure Epoxy Paints

Very low permeability

Good chemical resistance

Moderate acid resistance

Corrosion protection Potable water tanks Easy to clean

Pure Epoxy Paints