Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 9
(pp. 157-171)
Overview
Communication & Conflict Defining Conflict Origins Consequences Factors Influencing Conflict Conflict Styles Disputes and Negotiation Conflict Management & Resolution Skills
Conflict Defined
Two or more interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achieving that goal (Hocker & Wilmot, 1995) Competition between interdependent parties who perceive that they have incompatible needs, goals, desires, or ideas (Van Slyke, 1999) The interaction of interdependent people who perceive opposition of goals, aims, and values, and who see the other party as potentially interfering with the realization of these goals (Putnam & Poole, 1987)
Conflict Defined
Interdependence Perceived Incompatible Goals Scarce Resources Interference
Social Interaction
Central to Conflict How conflict is identified and framed
Origins of Conflict
Four Events that precipitate interpersonal conflict
REBUFFS
Failure to respond to appeal for desired action
ILLEGITIMATE DEMANDS
Unjust or extreme request
CRITICISMS
Unfavorable or demeaning verbal or nonverbal act
CUMULATIVE ANNOYANCES
Repetition of instances that crosses tolerance threshold
Consequences of Conflict
Negative Consequences Less Effective Suboptimal Productivity Inhibited Cognitive Functioning Positive Consequences Identify and Better Understand Issues Clarify Issues Creative Solutions
Conflict Styles
Strategy Effectiveness
Adapt to the Situation Be Fair and Objective Appropriate and Effective Communication Mutual Awareness Open-minded Attitudes Willingness to Ignore Power Issues Problem-Solving Procedures
Nicotera (1994)
Nicotera (1994)
AVOID - evasive vs. estranged ACCOMMODATE - accommodate vs. patronize COMPETE - assertive vs. aggressive COLLOBORATE - consolidate vs. begrudge COMPROMISE - ?
Flexibility is influenced by liking, loyalty, and personality factors (aggressiveness, tolerance, and innovativeness)
Results
Collaboration and Forcing styles predict Interpersonal and Performance Rewards No relationships identified . . . between accommodation and perceived rewards between manager conflict styles and system rewards
Aggressiveness - expense of others Authoritativeness - resources of social position Observability visible to social audience Seven Conflict Behaviors (DPI)
Communication-as-Negotiation
Transformational power that transcends notions of technical and instrumental rationality Participants define the conflict and its environment Rationality and Effectiveness (and Appropriateness) help define many aspects of organizational life
Summary
Communication & Conflict Defining Conflict Origins Consequences Factors Influencing Conflict Conflict Styles Disputes and Negotiation Conflict Management & Resolution Skills