PUMPS

Yessica Gutirrez, Mayra Serrano, Diana Abella, Camila Bermdez, Paula Vargas.

HYDRAULIC PUMPS
A hydraulic pump is a means of converting mechanical energy or hydraulic fluid. "That is the energy added to the water pump.

Hydraulic Pumps
Pressure Amplitude
maximum pressure which a pump can operate. The amount of fluid a pump is capable of delivering to the operating pressure.

Volume

Velocity amplitude

maximum and minimum limits in which the input conditions and load bearing

Mechanical efficiency: Determine the relationship between the theoretical horsepower input and actual input horsepower. Volumetric Efficiency: It is determined by the relationship between the theoretical volume of output and the real volume.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

Such pumps are positive displacement pumps which create suction and discharge, displacing water with a movable element. The term "positive" means that the pressure developed is only limited by the structural strength of the various parts of the pump and the discharge is not affected by the pressure load but is determined by the pump speed and the extent of volume displaced.

CLASS OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

a) The piston or reciprocating displacing the liquid by the action of a plunger or piston reciprocating rectilinear movement, or oscillation movement. b) rotating, wherein the displacement is achieved by the rotation of the pump elements.

RECIPROCAL PUMPS

In reciprocating piston pumps creates a partial vacuum within the cylinder allowing the water to rise aided by atmospheric pressure.

Advantages and disadvantages of reciprocating pumps

ADVANTAGE High pressure available Self-priming (within certain limits) Constant flow for variable pressure loads Adaptability to be moved manually or motor

DISADVANTAGES Lower download Low efficiency compared to centrifugal pumps Many moving parts Require frequent maintenance intervals Suction limited Relatively high cost for the amount of water supplied Require a substantial torque to carry your speed Pulsating flow in the discharge

Steam pumps
Direct action pumps are constructed, simplex (a piston and a piston steam fluid, respectively) and duplex (two pistons of steam and liquid two)

Power pump
A power pump is an alternative machine constant speed and constant torque capacity almost constant, whose piston or pistons are moved by means of a crank through an external driving source.

Power pump

They have a crankshaft driven by an external source typically an electric motor, belt or chain. Gears are often used between the motor and the crankshaft to reduce the output speed of the motor element. When it moves at constant speed, power pumps provide a cost nearly constant for a wide variation of column, and have good efficiency

ROTARY PUMPS

Rotary pumps are positive displacement units, which consist of a fixed box containing gears, vanes or other rotating devices, and acting on the liquid in small volumes trapping between the walls of the box and rotating the device, displacing thus fluid similar manner as the piston makes a reciprocating pump.

Rotary pumps
These are the simplest Rotary type. As the teeth of gears are separated in the side filled liquid space, among them. This leads on toolpath circular outward and is squeezed to engage the teeth again. The wheels can have single, double, or of involuta teeth. Some designs have radial flow holes in the gear crazy, ranging of the Crown and the background of internal drilling teeth. They allow that the liquid to communicate of a tooth to the next, avoiding the formation of excessive pressures that could overload the bearings and cause a noisy operation.

Bombas de Engrane Interno

They have a rotor with teeth cut internally and which fit in an engrane madman, cut externally. You can use a partition Crescentshaped to avoid fluid to pass again next to the pump suction. Lobe pumps-They resemble the pumps of the type of gears in its action, they have two or more rotors cut with three, four, or more lobes on each rotor. Rotors are synchronized for positive rotation by means of gear external, due to that the liquid is discharged into a smaller number of larger than in the case of pump of gears, Lobar type flow is not as constant as in the type of gear. There are also combinations of pumps of gear and lobe.

Bombas de Engranes Externos

Aspa
They have a series of articulated blades that are balanced as turning the rotor, trapping the liquid and forcing it into the pump discharge tube. Sliding blades pumps use blades that are pressed against the housing by force spin when you turn the rotor. The liquid trapped between the two blades is led and strength towards the discharge of the pump.

Screw
These pumps have from one to three threaded screw conveniently rotating in a fixed box. There are a number of designs suitable for several applications. A single thyme pumps have a rotor in spiral form that rotates eccentrically in a propeller cover or internal stator. The rotor is metal and the propeller is usually rubber hard or soft, depending on the liquid that is handled. Two and three screw pumps have one or two gears locos, respectively, the flow is set between the threads of the screws, and along the axis thereof. Screws with opposite threads can be used to eliminate the

Progressive cavity
Produces a smooth flow is not pressed and used to send processes fluids rather than hydraulic applications; as the large central rotor rotates inside stator formed cavities that are moving toward the discharge end of the pump that moves the material in question, the rotor is made of a steel plate with thick layers of hard Corm to increase wing abrasion resistance, stators are constructed of rubber between the rotor and the stator there is a coupling of compression to reduce rolling and improve efficiency.

Lobe or cam
They have two or more rotors cut with three, four, or more lobes on each rotor. Rotors are synchronized for positive rotation by means of gear external, since the liquid is discharged into a smaller number of larger than in the case of pump of gears, Lobar type flow is not as constant as in the type of gear.

Flexible tube (Peristaltic)

They have a tube of rubber that is squeezed through a compression on an adjustable eccentric ring. The arrow on the pump, together with the eccentric, rotates it. This design pumps are built with one or two steps.

Plunger pumps
In these pumps the liquid is forced by the movement of one or more pistons fitted to the respective cylinders as a compressor does during labor As friction occurs between the piston and cylinder lubrication systems require special arrangements to be drive used in some lubricants such as liquid water. Either may be used with liquids contaminated with abrasive particles that result for the set.

Diaphragm pumps
These pumps move the liquid through apertures of a flexible, durable material, placed inside a closed body to be operated from the outside by a reciprocating mechanism

Cam and Piston Pumps

Also called rotary piston pump, an eccentric and consists of a slotted arm on top

USES

Pumping from shallow wells Deep Well Pumping For variable water levels Fire Pumps Transfer and circulation pumps Operation by windmills High pressure loads Boiler feed Pumping of oil and gasoline Crop dusters

PISTON PUMPS

Piston pumps are of pumps, and are used for the movement of fluids at high pressure or high fluid viscosities or densities

FUNCTION
A piston pump uses a reciprocating piston pin to move the fluid through a shaft by means of a cylindershaped chamber. As the piston moves through the cylinder, the pressure builds up and forces the fluid through the pump. This fluid causes the pump to vibrate due to the motion of the piston through the cylinder

PISTON PUMPS

Radial piston pumps

Axial piston pumps

RADIAL PISTON PUMPS

Radial piston pump consists of a series of pistons arranged radially on a housing, driving the fluid from the cylinder through a discharge valve to be actuated by an eccentric and suck the fluid to the piston cylinder to be returned along the eccentric by the action of springs. These pumps are characterized by high development pressures and the flow is pulsating provide.

AXIAL PISTON PUMPS

The axial piston pump has a piston moving axially in the respective cylinders, thanks to the movement generated when these on a slide plate having a slope capable of being varied to alter the flow rate for a given speed. If plaque is left tilt the pump flow is zero.

PISTON PUMPS

ADVANTAGE Piston pumps have a wide range of pressure, pressure can reach high levels, and pressure can be controlled without impacting the flow rate. Piston pumps have a continuous rate of discharge. Changes in pressure and discharge rate have minimal effect on performance. Piston pumps can handle viscous fluids, high volumes of gas and solids, only if the valves are designed correctly

DISADVANTAGES Piston pumps cost more per unit to operate compared with centrifugal pumps and roll. The mechanical components are subject to wear, so that the maintenance costs can be high. The valves must be resistant to abrasives for large solids to pass through them. Piston pumps are heavy due to its large size and weight of the crankshaft that drives the pump.

PISTON PUMPS APPLICATIONS

MANUFACTURE OF PRESSURE WATER HIGH

MINING INDUSTRY CONSTRUCTION

AND

To cleaners. For equipment water . In sandblasting equipment for high pressure water.

Concrete Pumping Pumping of water at high pressure to drill As a filling pump oil reservoirs in oil wells.

AGRICULTURE As a pump for spraying and pesticide treatments As transfer pump in warehouses.

FIXED VOLUME PUMPS

These are pumps that can not be adjusted to increase or decrease the amount of fluid moving in a pump cycle.

GEAR PUMPS
This type of pump produces the transport fluid flow between the teeth of the two meshing gears. One is driven by the shaft of the pump (motor), and this rotates the other (free).

MAIN FEATURES

Can provide a flow of 1 to 600 (L / min.) -Pressures from 200 to 4000 psi -Speed of 500 to 3,000 (rpm) -Maximum working temperature 70 C

GEAR PUMP LOW PRESSURE

What happens is the source of a vacuum in the suction when the teeth are separated by the increased volume in the suction chamber.

Amplitud BOMBAS Bomba de engrane Baja Presin Bomba engrane 1500 Lb/plg2 Bomba engrane 2000 Lb/plg2 Presin 0 Lb/plg2 1500 Lb/plg2 Volumen

Amplitud Velocidad

Eficiencia Volumen

Eficiencia Total

5 Gal/min 10 Gal/min

500 rpm 1200 rpm

80 %

75 80 %

80 % 2000 Lb/plg2 15 Gal/ min 1800 rpm 90 % 1000 Lb/plg2 1.1 55 Gal/min 1000 rpm > 90 %

75 80 % 80 - 85%

Bomba Paleta equilibrio 1000 Lb/plg2

80 85 %

3000 Lb/plg2 5000 Lb/plg2 Bomba Pistn Placa empuje angular

2 120 Gal/min 12001800 rpm 7.5 41 Gal/min

90 %

> 85 %

90 %

> 80 %

Diseo Dynex

6000 8000 Lb/plg2

2.9 4.2 Gal/min

1200 2200 rpm

90 %

> 85 %

GEAR PUMPS HIGH PRESSURE

These are mainly used to inject all kinds of viscous liquids that are applied in boilers, closed heating and lubrication supporting high and low temperatures and achieved having a volumetric efficiency of 93%.

1500 GEAR PUMPS lb/plg2

In this type of pump are incorporated toothed gears grinding with smooth and tight tolerances. These gears have the shape of teeth designed to enhance pump efficiency and to reduce the noise level in operation.

PUMP FAILURE
DIAGRAM FAILURE SOUND
CASE Is mainly by motors

TEMPERATURE INCREASE

Inadequate cooling, clogged circuit, pressure and high speed, worn parts

FAILURE OF PRESSURE

Pump shaft broken, bad transmission between motor and pump, large circuit leaks

LOW FLOW

Broken shaft, air intake suction, very viscous fluid, rotation reversed, clogged filter, air in the circuit

LEAK

Leaks in bodies, worn internal parts.

Centrifugal pumps

Centrifugal force

Is the force which tends to distance the objects from the center of shaft rotation by the tangential velocity perpendicular to the radius.

Centrifugal pumps

The main characteristic of the centrifugal pump is to convert energy from a source of motion (motor) first velocity (or kinetic energy) and then into pressure energy. These pumps use the centrifugal effect to move the fluid and increase its pressure.

Centrifugal pumps
Elements 1. Suction: gets the fluid. 2. Drive: moving part generates centrifugal force and the pressure increases. 3. Scroll: part immobile, collect the liquid leaving the impeller and goes to the impulsion pipe. 4. Impulsion pipe: the liquid gets its pressure and speed generated within the pump.

Ht=

22 2 11 1

22 2 11 1 = =

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

ADVANTAGE Reduced size Relatively quiet service Easy operation Easy disassembly Economic operation and assembly

DISADVANTAGES The operation depends on the input stream The lubrication of equipment must be ensured

BIBLIOGRAPHY

L.S. McNickle, Jr. HIDRULICA SIMPLIFICADA. Ed Continental. 4ed. Pag 51 90. Zubicarag Viejo, Manuel. BOMBAS, TEORA, DISEO Y APLICACIONES. Ed Limusa. 2 ed. 1979. Kenneth J. McNaughton. BOMBAS, SELECCIN, USO Y MANTENIMIENTO. Ed Mc Graw Hill. Advantages and disadvantages of a piston pump [en lnea]. <http://www.ehowenespanol.com/ventajas-desventajas-bombapiston-hechos_102612/ >. [Consulta: 17 octubre 2013]. http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/tipos-bombas/tiposbombas.shtml#ro#ixzz2ijeujvj7 http://biblioagora.ucevalpo.cl/docs/1045/apuntes%20iii%20bombas. pdf http://www.ingenierocivilinfo.com/2011/11/bombas-dedesplazamiento-positivo.html http://biblioagora.ucevalpo.cl/docs/1045/apuntes%20iii%20bombas. pdf