FINAL REVIEW

ECM-312

Yin Yang Relationship

Four Different Aspects in the Relationship
Opposition of Yin and Yang everything contains the seed of the other Interdependence one cannot exist without the other Mutual Consumption every one gets consumed to the point of establishing a balance Inter-Transformation Yin and Yang transform into each other; Occurs in a certain stage of development

Yin Yang Imbalance Stages

A. Preponderance of Yin
Excess Yin produces decrease of Yang (Yin consumes Yang)

A. Preponderance of Yang
Excess Yang produces decrease of Yin (Yang consumes Yin)

Yin Yang Imbalance Stages

C. Weakness of Yin
When Yin is weak, Yang is in apparent excess

D. Weakness of Yang
When Yang is weak, Yin is in apparent excess

Yin Yang Correspondences

Yang Light Sun Brightness Activity Heaven Round Time East South Left Yin Darkness Moon Shade Rest Earth Flat Space West North Right

Yin Yang Correspondences

Yang Immaterial Produces Energy Generates Non-substantial Energy Expansion Rising Above Fire Yin Material Produces Form Grows Substantial Matter Contraction Descending Below Water

Yin Yang and the Body

Every body part is predominantly Yin or Yang
Relationship is relative
i.e. Chest is Yang in relation to Abdomen (above), but Yin in relation to Head

Yin Yang and the Body

Yang Superior Exterior Posterior-Lateral Back Function Head Exterior (Skin-muscles) Above the Waist Qi Defensive Qi Yin Inferior Interior Anterior-Medial Front Structure Body Interior (Organs) Below the Waist Blood-body fluids Nutritive Qi

Yin Yang in Clinical Practice

Yang Fire Hot Restless Dry Hard Excitement Rapidity Non-substantial Transformation, Change Yin Water Cold Quiet Wet Soft Inhibition Slowness Substantial Conservation, Storage

Yin Yang Clinical Signs

Yang Acute Disease Rapid Onset Rapid Disease Changes Heat (and body heat) Restlessness, Insomnia Throws off bedclothes Likes to lie stretched Red Tongue (Yellow coat) Thirst Scanty-dark urination Yin Chronic Disease Gradual Onset Lingering Disease Cold (and body cold) Sleepiness, Listlessness Likes to be covered Likes to curl up Pale Tongue No Thirst Pale-profuse urination

Constipation Full Pulse

Loose Stools Empty Pulse

Five Elements - Sequences

Generating Sequence one element generates the other
Wood -> Fire -> Earth -> Metal -> Water -> Wood

Controlling Sequence one controls and is controlled

Wood -> Earth -> Water -> Fire -> Metal -> Wood

Overacting Sequence overacts and causes a decrease or destruction of the other

Wood -> Earth -> Water -> Fire -> Metal -> Wood

Insulting Sequence should-be controlled element overacts and causes imbalance to controller
Wood -> Metal -> Fire -> Water -> Earth -> Wood

Five Element Associations

Wood Season Directions Colors Taste Climate Stg. Dvlp. Yin Org. Yang Org. Yin/Yang Duty Spring East Green Sour Wind Birth Liver Gallbladder Lesser Yang Planning Fire Summer South Red Bitter Heat Growth Heart Sm. Int. Utmost Yang Ruling Earth None Centre Yellow Sweet Dampness Transformation Spleen Stomach Yin/Yang Bal. Nourishing Metal Autumn West White Pungent Dryness Harvest Lungs Lrg. Int. Order Water Winter North Black Salty Cold Storage Kidneys Bladder Storage

Lesser Yin Utmost Yin

Storage

Soul

Conscious

Intent

Vitality

Will

Five Element Associations

Wood Sense (Open) Tissues Emotion Sounds Smell Jin Fluid Manifestation Spirit Grains Eyes Sinews Anger Shouting Rancid Tears Nails Hun Wheat Fire Tongue Vessels Joy Laughing Burning Sweat Complexion Shen Beans Earth Mouth Muscles (Flesh) Pensiveness Singing Fragrant Saliva Lips Yi Rice Metal Nose Skin Sadness Crying Rotten Mucus Body Hair Po Hemp Water Ears Bones Fear Groaning Putrid Urine Head Hair Zhi Millet

Vital Substances
Qi
Blood (Xue) Essence (Jing)

Body Fluids (Jin/Ye)

Mind / Spirit (Shen)

Essence (Jing)
Functions
Basis for growth, reproduction and development, such as growth of bones, teeth, hair, brain development and sexual maturation Basis of Kidney-Qi Produces marrow Basis of constitutional strength

Pre-Heaven Essence
Determines persons basic constitution
Nourishes embryo and fetus during pregnancy Nourishment is derived from mothers kidneys

Fixed very hard to influence in adult life

Post-Heaven Essence
Refined and extracted from food and fluids after birth
Produced by stomach and spleen after birth

Kidney Essence
Has an important role in human physiology
Derived from both pre/post-Heaven Essence Interacts with Post-Heaven Essence

Replenished by Post-Heaven Essence

Follows cycles of 7 8 years Changes slowly and gradually over long periods of time

Qi
Notable Qi Types
Original Qi (Yuan Qi, Source Qi) Food-Qi (aka "Gu Qi") Gathering Qi (aka "Zong Qi") True Qi (Zhen Qi) Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi) Defensive Qi (Wei Qi) Central Qi (Zhong Qi) Upright Qi (Zheng Qi) Pathogenic / Evil Qi (Xie Qi)

Original Qi (Yuan Qi, Source Qi)

Essence in the form of Qi
Functions
Motive force arouses and moves the organ functionality Basis of Kidney Qi closely related to Gate of Vitality; provides necessary heat for body function and activity Facilitates the Transformation of Qi Facilitates the Transportation of Blood (Xue) Comes out at the source points

Food Qi (Gu Qi)

First stage in transformation of Food into Qi
Spleen extracts Food Qi and sends it to the Lung Transforms into various other kinds of Qi, or Blood

Gathering Qi (Zong Qi)

Nourishes the heart and lung
Helps Lung function of Controlling Qi and Respiration, as well as Heart function of governing blood and vessels Controls speech and strength of voice Promotes blood circulation to extremities

True Qi (Zhen Qi)

Final Stage of Qi Transformation
Originates in the Lungs Functions
Circulates in channels and nourishes organs Assumes two different forms:
Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi) Defensive Qi (Wei Qi)

Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi)

Derived from True Qi (Zhen Qi)
Function nourishes internal organs and the whole body Closely related to blood; flows in blood vessels and channels It is the specific Qi that is activated when needles

Defensive Qi (Wei Qi)

Coarser form of Qi than Nutritive Qi (Ying Qi)
Flows on the outer layer of the body Functions
Protects the body from exterior pathogenic attacks Warms, moistens and partially nourishes skin and muscle Adjusts opening and closing of pores (regulates sweat) Regulates body temperature (by regulating sweat)

Under control of the lungs

Central Qi (Zhong Qi)

Term for defining Qi of Stomach and Spleen
Used in cases of Spleen-Qi deficiency, which might cause an organ to prolapse

Upright Qi (Zheng Qi)

Indicates the bodys resistance to pathogenic factors (Evil / Xie Qi), and it is only used in this particular form

Basic Functions of Qi (General)

Transforming
Transporting Holding

Raising
Protecting Warming

Blood (Xue)
Origin
Spleen sends Food-Qi (Gu Qi) to Lungs; Sent to Heart, where it is transformed to Blood Transformation is aided by Original Qi (Yuan Qi), as well as Essence (Jing) and Marrow

Functions
Nourishes the body Moistens body tissues so they do not dry out Provides material foundation for mind (Shen)

Blood (Xue) Organ Relationship

Heart
The Heart governs the blood Is the place where the blood is made

Spleen
Origin of blood origin of Food Qi (Gu Qi) which is basis Holds blood in the blood vessels

Liver
It stores the blood; when people lie down, it returns here Maintains eyes and sinews moist with blood, same for uterus

Blood (Xue) / Qi Relationship

Four Aspects of the Blood/Qi Relationship
Qi generates Blood Qi moves Blood Qi holds the Blood Blood nourishes Qi

Qi is Yang compared to Blood; Blood is Yin in comparison

Blood and Qi are inseperable Nutritive (Ying) Qi circulates with Blood in the blood vessels

Qi is the commander of blood. Blood is the mother of Qi.

Body Fluids (Jin Ye)

Originate from food and drink
Transformed and separated by the Spleen
Clean (Clear) part goes from Spleen to Lungs, which spreads some to Skin and some to Kidneys Dirty (Turbid) part goes to Small Intestine, where it is again separated into Pure and Impure parts
Pure goes to Bladder further separated into Pure and Impure Pure goes up and secreted as sweat

Impure goes down and secreted as urine

Impure goes to Sm. Intestine some water is re-absorbed

Body Fluids Organ Relationships

Spleen
Controls transformation and separation into pure/impure Sends the pure part upwards Always treated in any disorder of body fluids

Lungs
Disperses pure fluids to space under the skin Disperses part of fluids to kidney and bladder They regulate the water passages

Body Fluids Organ Relationships

Kidneys
Vaporize some of the fluids and sends them back up to moisten the lungs Provides Qi to the Bladder for Qi Transformation Kidney-Yang important in fluid transformation and excretion

Bladder
Separates fluids and excretes urine

Body Fluids Organ Relationships

Triple Burner (San Jiao)
Assists the transformation, transportation and excretion of fluids at all stages According to Simple Questions, it is the Official in charge of Irrigation and controls the Water Passages.

Body Fluid Types

Fluids (Jin)
Clear, light and thin-watery; move relatively quick; circulates with Defensive (Wei) Qi on the Exterior Under control of the Lungs, spreads to Skin and body Meant to be secreted; Moisten skin and muscles (tears, sweat, saliva, urine, mucus) Component of fluid part of blood

Liquids (Ye)
Turbid, heavy, dense; circulates with Nutritive (Gu) Qi internally Slow moving Moistens joints, spine, brain, marrow, and lubricates the surfaces of the organs CSF, bile, and others; Meant to stay in the body

Zang-Fu
Yin (Zang) organs responsible for storing the vital substances
Heart Liver Lung Spleen Kidneys Pericardium

Yang (Fu) Organs responsible for transforming food and drink to produce Qi and Blood (Xue) Yang (Fu) Organs also excrete waste products
Small Intestine Gallbladder Large Intestine Stomach Bladder Triple Burner (San Jiao)

Yin (Zang) Organs - Heart

Functions
Governs blood Controls blood vessels Manifests in complexion Houses the mind Opens in the tongue Controls sweat

Heart LOATHES heat Heart controls speech

Yin (Zang) Organs - Liver

Functions
Stores blood
Regulates blood volume according to physical activity Regulastes menstruation Moistens eyes and tendons

Ensures smooth flow of Qi

Moves Qi upwards and outwards in all directions; smooth and unimpeded flow of Qi Influences emotional state Influences digestion Influences secretion of bile

Yin (Zang) Organs - Liver

Functions
Controls sinews Manifests in nails Opens into eyes Houses ethereal soul (Hun) Controls planning Influences rising and growth

Liver LOATHES wind Liver can cause convulsions

Yin (Zang) Organs - Lungs

Functions
Govern Qi and respiration Control channels and blood vessels Control dispersing and descending Regulate passage of water Control skin and hair Open into the nose House the corporeal soul (Po)

Lungs LOATHE cold Lungs govern the voice

Yin (Zang) Organs - Spleen

Functions
Governs transportation and transformation Controls the blood Controls muscles and the four limbs Opens into mouth and manifests in the lips Controls the Raising Qi Houses thought (Yi)

Spleen LOATHES dampness; LIKES dryness Five tastes are derived from it

Yin (Zang) Organs - Kidney

Root of Pre-Heaven Jing and Pre-Heaven Qi
Foundation of Yin and Yang for all other organs Kidney Yin/Yang are called Primary Yin/Yang respectively Functions:
Store Essence (Jing), govern birth, growth, reproduction and development Produce marrow, fill up the brain and control bones Govern water Control reception of Qi

Yin (Zang) Organs - Kidney

Functions

Open into the ear Manifest in the hair Control the two lower orifices They house willpower (Zhi)
Root of Original Qi Source of fire/heat for all internal organs Warms lower burner and bladder Warms stomach and spleen to aid in digestion Harmonizes sexual function and warms the uterus Assists kidney in receiving Qi Assists heart in housing the Mind (Shen)

Ming Men (Gate of Vitality) located between kidneys

Yin (Zang) Organs - Pericardium

Functions
External covering of the heart protects from external pathogens

It is the Ambassador from which joy and happiness derive. It is of secondary importance to the Heart, and it displays many of the same functions

Yang (Fu) Organs Stomach

Most important of the Yang organs
Along with Spleen, it is the Root of Post-Heaven Qi (reason they are referred to as having a common origin)

Thought to be the origin of Qi in the body

Functions
Controls the rotting and ripening of food Controls transportation of food essences Controls descending of Qi Origin of fluids

Yang (Fu) Organs Stomach

Stomach and Spleen are a perfect example of the Yin/Yang Relationship
Stomach is Yang; Spleen is Yin Stomach-Qi descends; Spleen-Qi ascends Stomach likes Wetness and dislikes Dryness; Spleen likes Dryness and dislikes Wetness Stomach is too dry - Stomach-Qi cannot descend and food cannot be moved down to the Small Intestine; Spleen is too damp - Spleen-Qi cannot ascend and fluids and food cannot be transformed Stomach easily suffers from Excess; Spleen easily suffers from Deficiency. Stomach is prone to heat; Spleen is prone to cold

Yang (Fu) Organs Small Intestine

Functions
Controls receiving and transforming Separates fluids Separates clear from turbid Psychologically, it has an effect on mental clarity and judgement

Yang (Fu) Organs Large Intestine

Functions
Receives food and drink from the small intestine Reabsorbs some of the fluids It excretes the stool

Yang (Fu) Organs - Gallbladder

One of the Extraordinary Fu organs
Only Fu organ that has a non-food related function Functions
Stores and excretes bile, which is a refined product Controls the sinews Controls judgement and decision-making

Yang (Fu) Organs Bladder (UB)

Functions
Stores and excretes urine Participates in transformation of fluids necessary for urine production Removes water by Qi transformation

Yang (Fu) Organs Triple Burner

Name but no Form it is not an actual organ

The organs within each division are not separate from the Three Burners themselves.
Three Divisions
Upper Burner (from the diaphragm and up) Middle Burner (between diaphragm and umbilicus) Lower Burner (below the umbilicus)

Organs and Anatomy

Upper Burner Heart, Lungs, Pericardium; Throat, Head Middle Burner - Stomach, Spleen, Gallbladder Lower Burner Liver, Kidneys, Intestines, Bladder

Yang (Fu) Organs Triple Burner

Upper Burner Mist
Distributes the fluids all over the body by the lungs in the form of a fine vapor

Middle Burner Maceration Chamber

Digestion and Transportation of food and drink (rotting and ripening) and the transformation of the nourishment extracted from food to the rest of the body

Lower Burner Ditch

Separation of the essences of food into a clean and dirty part, along with the excretion of the dirty part

Six Extraordinary Yang Organs

They are organs that have a Yang organs shape (hollow), albeit having a Yin organ function (storing essence and not excreting)
Extraordinary Fu are:
Uterus Brain Bone Marrow Gallbladder (also a Yang organ) Blood Vessels

Extraordinary Yang - Uterus

Function
Regulates menstruation

Closely related to
Kidneys Directing Vessel (Ren Mai) Penetrating Vessel (Chong Mai)

Extraordinary Yang Brain

Also called the Sea of Marrow
Marrow originates from Kidneys, hence Brain is related to the Kidney in terms of function Functions
Controls memory and concentration Controls smell, sight, hearing and touch

Extraordinary Yang - Marrow

It is the common matrix between bone marrow and the brain
Produced by Kidney essence Functions
Produces bone marrow Nourishes the brain Nourishes the spinal cord

Extraordinary Yang - Others

Bones
Related to kidneys Store bone marrow

Blood Vessels
They contain blood

Gallbladder
Stores, but does not secrete, bile (refined, pure product)

Meridians
Types of Meridians
Main Meridians (Jing Luo) Extraordinary Vessels (Qi Jing Ba Mai) Meridian Sinews (Jing Jin) Network/Collateral/Connecting Vessels (Luo Mai) Divergent Meridians (Jing Bie)

Twelve Main Meridians (Jing Luo)

Run vertically, bilaterally and symmetrically
Each Meridian corresponds and connects internally with one of the Zang-Fu organs Six Yin meridians; Six Yang meridians
Three Yin and Yang meridians in hands and arm Three Yin and Yang meridians in feet and leg

Movement is through an internal and external pathway

External are relatively superficial; the acupuncture points Internal are the deep course where it enters the body cavities and Zang-Fu organs

Twelve Main Meridians (Jing Luo)

Arm Tai Yin Arm Yang Min Foot Arm Tai Yang Foot Arm Jue Yin Foot Foot

Foot
Arm Shao Yin

Foot
Arm Shao Yang

Meridian Channels
Extraordinary Vessels (Qi Jing Ba Mai)
Deepest of bodys energetic pathway Associated with structural balance (bone level), constitution and general functional regulation Separate from main meridians; intersect at certain points

Meridian Sinews (Jing Jin)

Most superficial pathways of the system Associated with movement, muscle balance and defense (Wei Qi)

Meridian Channels
Network Vessels (Luo Mai)
Also called Connecting or Collateral vessels Branch off from main meridians and run to surface of skin Connects some paired main meridians

Divergent Meridians (Jing Bie)

Branch off from the main meridians and connect paired meridians at a deep level Strengthen the connection between Yin main meridians and the Head

Causes of Disease
Internal: Emotions (7 Affects)
External: Weather (6 Evils) Others: Constitution, Fatigue/Overexertion, Excessive Sexual Activity, Diet, Trauma, Epidemics, Parasites and Poisons, Wrong Treatment

Internal: Emotions (Seven Affects)

Anger makes Qi rise; affects Liver
Joy slows Qi down; affects Heart Worry and Pensiveness knot Qi; affect Spleen (worry also affects Lungs) Sadness dissolves/consumes Qi; affects Lungs Fear makes Qi descend; affects Kidneys

Shock scatters Qi; affects Kidneys and Heart

Internal: Emotions (Seven Affects)

Most of the emotions can, over time, give rise to fire
Excess of the emotions can cause stagnation of Qi due to the excess compression

ULTIMATELY, ALL emotions affect the Heart

External: Weather (6 Evils)

Wind - Spring
Cold - Winter Fire - Summer

Dampness Late Summer

Dryness Autumn Heat - Summer

Clinical Manifestations
Wind
Causes symptoms and signs very suddenly, change rapidly Yang pathogen produces upper-body symptoms Tends to cause shivering and shaking (like leaves in wind) Pulse tends to be superficial or floating Exterior wind causes aversion to wind (drafts) or cold, and the sensation of heat coming from the body (chills /fever) Interior wind causes trembling, dizziness, possibly seizures and convulsions Tends to carry other pathogens to body so you frequently suffer from Wind and more (i.e. Heat, Cold, Dampness) Exterior is treated by inducing sweating to remove pathogen through the skin

Clinical Manifestations
Cold
Contracts and causes pain Patient feels subjectively cold May appear pale (white like snow) Creates watery, clear discharges (like melting ice) Exterior causes muscle and/or joint pain, aversion to cold Interior cold may cause abdominal pain, watery diarrhea Pulse will be slow Typically treated by warming

Clinical Manifestations
Heat and Fire
Give rise to sensations of heat Causes tissue to dry out, thirst, as well as dry mouth / nose Causes tissue to redden (like fire) and swell Discharges are dry or sticky, thick and yellow Harasses the heart, causes mental restlessness Pulse will be rapid Causes blood to move recklessly; bleeding may occur Typically treated by clearing

Clinical Manifestations
Dampness
Invades the body gradually Yin pathogen usually originates in the lower body Causes turbid, sticky or oozy discharges Patient often feels heavy or tired Symptoms are often chronic May feel dull pain or numbness Often shows Spleen symptoms (diarrhea, low appetite) Pulse will be soggy or slippery Treated by drying or draining (often diuresis)

Clinical Manifestations
Dryness
Usually appears as dry mucus membranes nose, mouth and eyes May be cough or nosebleeds Pulse will be thin Typically treated by moistening

Clinical Manifestations
Summerheat
Typically occurs during the Summer It may take a form similar to Heat or Dampness Treated by clearing Heat (summerheat) or moistening dampness