The Seminar Report on GAS INSULATED SUB-STATION(SF6 GAS)

Navneet Mahech 7TH Sem, EE Branch

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INTRODUCTION:Electrical network comprises the following regions:1) Generating Stations. 2) Transmission Systems. 3) Receiving Stations. 4) Distribution Systems.

5) Load Points.
In all these regions, the power flow of electrical energy takes place through electrical substations.
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ELECTRIC SUB-STATION:An electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgears, power-transformers, auxiliaries, etc. Functions of a Sub-station:1) Supply of required electrical power to all the consumers continuously at all times. 2) Maximum possible coverage of the supply network over the given geographical area. 3) Maximum security of supply. 4) Shortest possible fault duration. 5) Optimum efficiency of plants and the network. 6) supply of electrical power within targeted frequency limits(49.5Hz and 50.5Hz). 7) Supply of electrical power within specified voltage limits. 8) Supply of electrical energy to the consumers at the lowest cost.

BASIC EQUIPMENT IN SUB-STATION:1) Bus-bars( incoming and outgoing circuits connected to bus-bars). 2) Circuit-Breakers( automatic switching during normal or abnormal conditions). 3) Isolators or Disconnectors(disconnection under no-load condition for safety, isolation and maintenance). 4) CT( to step down currents for measurement, control and protection). 5) PT(to step down voltage for measurement, control and protection). 6) Lightning Arrestors( to discharge lightning over voltages and switching over voltages to earth). 7) Line trap( to present high frequency signals from entering other zones). 8) Power-Transformers(to step-up and step-dow voltages).

A substation receives electrical power from generating stations via incoming transmission lines and delivers electrical power via the outgoing transmission lines.
Substations are integral parts of a power system and formed important links between the generating stations, transmission systems, distribution systems and the load points.
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VOLTAGE LEVELS IN SUB-STATION:A Substation receives power via the incoming transmission lines and delivers power via the outgoing lines. The substation may have step-up transformers or step-down transformers. Generally, the switchyards at sending-end of lines have stepup transformers and switchyards at receiving-end have stepdown transformers.
The rated voltage level refers to nominal voltage of 3-phase AC system and is expressed as R.M.S value between phases. - Long distance and high Power Transmission lines are at higher voltages.
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CLASSIFICATION OF SUB-STATION BASED ON

CONFIGURATION:1) Conventional Air Insulated Sub-Station:In such sub-stations bur-bars and connectors can be seen by naked eye. In such a sub-station, circuit-breakers, isolators, transformers, CTs, PTs, etc. are installed outdoor. The sub-station has galvanized steel structures for supporting the equipment, insulators and the incoming or outgoing lines.

2) Gas Insulated Sub-station(SF6 gas is used as a insulating

medium):These have been developed during 1970s and are extremely popular in USA, Europe, Japan, Middle-east countries, etc. These GIS installations have been executed in India in 1989. They are compact and require very modest maintenance. In GIS, the various sub-station equipment like CTs, PTs, Bus-bars, Circuit-breakers, Surge-Arrestors, Isolators, Earthing Switches, etc. are in the form of metal-closed SF6 gas filled modules. The whole installations is filled with SF6 gas at a pressure of about 3kg/cm2. Such sub-stations require only about 15% of floor area of conventional air insulated substation and can be readily installed indoor on any floor or basement of a building.
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HYBRID SUB-STATION:It is a combination of the conventional Air Insulated sub-station(AIS) and GIS. Some parts in a substation are gas insulated and some are air- insulated type. The design is based on convenience, local conditions, available area and cost aspects.

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COMPARISON BETWEEN AIS AND GIS:S.No. 1 2 3 4 Particular Space required Time required for erection Future extension Fault location AIS( outdoor substation) More Less Easy Easier because the equipment is in full view Low Difficult GIS( indoor substation) Less More difficult Difficult because the equipment is enclosed high Easier
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Capital cost Operation

GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION:SF6 Gas Insulated Substations(GIS) are preferred for voltage ratings of 72.5KV,
145KV, 145KV, 245KV, 420KV and above. In such a situation, the various equipments are housed in metal enclosed modules filled with SF6 gas. The SF6 gas provides the phase to ground insulation. As the di-electric strength of SF6 gas is higher than air, the clearances required are smaller. Hence, the overall size of each equipment and the complete substation is reduced to about 10% of conventional air insulated substations. So, GIS are installed indoor. The enclosures are of non-magnetic material such as aluminium or stainless steel and are earthed. The GIS has gas monitoring system. The gas density in each compartments is monitored. If pressure drops slightly, the gas is automatically tapped up. With further gas leakage, the low pressure alarm is sounded or automatic tripping or lock-out occurs.

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Properties of SF6 gas:1) SF6 do not harm to the ozone layer. 2) SF6 gas is chemically stable. 3) Non-poisonous. 4) Colorless and heavier than air. 5) Almost water Insoluble. 6) Non-inflammable.
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Locations for which SF6 GIS is preferred:The locations where SF6 is preferred due to technical and economic advantages over open terminal air insulated substation include:-

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Large towns. Industrial complexes. Mountainous regions, valleys. Underground substations. Deserts. Hydro-electric stations. HVDC transmission system terminal substations. Compensating substations.

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Some advantages of GIS :1) Compactness. 2) Choice of mounting site( indoor) 3) Reduced installation time. 4) Protection from pollution. 5) Increased safety. 6) Superior arc-interruption property. 7) Better earthquake proof design. 8) Maintenance is less.

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THANK U..

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