THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

by: JEAN PIAGET

a French-speaking Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his epistemological studies with children. His theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology"

Born:

9 August 1896

Died:
Fields:

16 September 1980 (aged 84)

Developmental Psychology, Epistemology

Cognitive Development
is

a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development and cognitive psychology.

focuses on how children learn and process information. It is the development of the thinking and organizing system of mind. It involves language, mental imagery, thinking, reasoning, problem solving and memory development. it is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.

STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

1. Sensorimotor Stage

3. Concrete Operational Stage

2. Pre-Operational Stage

4. Formal Operational Stage

Sensorimotor Stage (Infancy)

In this period , Intelligence is demonstrated through motor activity without the use of symbols. Knowledge of the world is limited because its based on physical interactions / experiences. Children acquire object permanence at about 7 months of age. Physical development allows the child to begin developing new intellectual abilities. Some symbolic abilities are developed at the end of this stage

INFANCY
-Infancy is usually considered the first 2 1/2 years of life. -the state or period of being an infant; very early childhood, usually the period before being able to walk; babyhood.

Pre-Operational Stage (Toddler and Early Childhood)

In this period , intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, language use matures, and memory and imagination are developed, but thinking is done in a non-logical, nonreversable manner. Egocentric thinking predominates

TODDLER
is a young child, usually defined as being between the ages of one and three. Theyre very tricky, they've grown enough to have their own ideas and wants, but their bodies and emotions haven't kept pace.

EARLY CHILD HOOD

Early childhood is a stage in human development. It generally includes toddlerhood and some time afterwards. Play age is an unspecific designation approximately within the scope of early childhood.

Concrete Operational Stage (Elementary and Early Adolescence)

In this stage
intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops mental actions that are reversible. development as the stage where a child solves problems using logical processes. The concept of deductive reasoning, or using cues around him, to formulate answers and thoughts is also what a child in the concrete operational stage can do. Typically, a child ages 7 to 11 falls into this stage of development. Egocentric thought diminishes.

ELEMENTARY-AGED CHILD
They understand the concepts of permanence and conservation by learning that volume, weight, and numbers may remain constant despite changes in outward appearance. These children should be able to build on past experiences, using them to explain why some things happen. Their attention span should increase with age, from being able to focus on a task for about 15 minutes at age six to an hour by age nine.

EARLY ADOLESCENCE
It is a phase when the kid is not yet mature but he is no longer a kid. Peers insist that they have grown enough to be self independent while parents still not provide ample freedom. This is the time when even studies are getting more difficult and physical changes are a constant source of irritation. There is a lot of confusion, hesitation and a search of the real identity. Life seems vague and Omni-directed

Formal Operational Stage (Adolescence and Adulthood)

In this stage, intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts. Early in the period there is a return to egocentric thought. Only 35% of high school graduates in industrialized countries obtain formal operations; many people do not think formally during adulthood.

ADOLESCENES
is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood but largely characterized as beginning and ending with the teenage stage.

ADULTHOOD
is a stage of a human being or living organism that is of relatively mature age, typically associated with sexual maturity and the attainment of reproductive age.

CONTROVERSY IN COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

NATURE vs. NURTURE
NATIVISM vs. EMPIRICISM

COMMON PROBLEMS ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

COGNITIVE IMPAIREMENT
is the general loss or lack of development of cognitive abilities, particularly autism and learning disabilities.

AUTISM
A developmental disability that appears early in life, in which normal brain development is disrupted and social and communication skills are retarded, sometimes severely.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT KEY TERMS

Cognition
- The act or process of knowing or perceiving.

Egocentric
- Limited in outlook to things mainly relating to oneself or confined to one's own affairs or activities

Metacognition
- Awareness of the process of cognition.

Schemas
-Fundamental core beliefs or assumptions that are part of the perceptual filter people use to view the world. Cognitive-behavioral therapy seeks to change maladaptive schemas.

Learning disabilities
-An impairment of the cognitive processes of understanding and using spoken and written language that results in difficulties with one or more academic skill sets

Stanford-Binet intelligence scales

-A device designed to measure somebody's intelligence, obtained through a series of aptitude tests concentrating on different aspects of intellectual functioning. An IQ score of 100 represents "average" intelligence.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
infancy
Toddlerhood and childhood

PREPARED BY:
Almirez, Jelmar S. Arceo, Danita Rose D.C. Calabano, Marianne Charise M. Dorado, Gelwino Claro D. Gregorio, Mario D.C. Lopez, Alexus S.

Elementary and early adolescence

Mara, Maria Rica B. Raw, Hka Hto Romero, Marvin O.

Adolescence and Adulthood