Colossal Magnetoresistance of MexMn1-xS (Me = Fe, Cr) Sulfides

G. A. Petrako skii et al., !"#P $ett. 72, %& ('&&&) (. Mori)oto et al., *ature 380, 1+1 (1,,-)

Shimizu-group HANZAWA Akinori

Contents
Introduction
Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR !aMn"# Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr Moti)ation

*$perimental method Results and +iscussion Summar,

introduction

Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR

-here are . t,pes o/ CMR0
At hard disk( 'ringing /ield ( is )er, lo2( so disk head must 1e magnetic-/ield-sensiti)e0

%0 "n applied e$ternal magnetic /ield /or sample( electrical resistance noticea1l, increase0

.0 "n applied e$ternal magnetic /ield /or sample and doped hole( electrical resistance noticea1l, decrease and phase change /rom paramagnetic to /erromagnetic0

At this paper( the, /ocus on this CMR0

introduction

!aMn"#
Manganese o$ides 2ith the cu1ic pero)skite structure0
Cr,stal structure
3ero)skite structure

electron state
#d4 (Mn#5 eg electrons are strongl, h,1ridized 2ith the o$,gen .p states( so eg electrons are conduction electron0 t.g electrons can 1e )ie2ed as localized spins 2ith S&#6.0
energ, state o/ #d electron o/ Mn#5

introduction

!aMn"#
!aMn"# is Mott insulator0
Anti/erromagnetic insulator
Mott Insulator Spins are alternatel, up and do2n0 When coulom1 repulsion /or t2o electrons in a Mn is large( *lectrons cannot mo)e /reel,0

Carriers are doped in eg or1ital0 Su1stitute di)alent(. cation (Sr.5( Ca.5 etc0 /or tri)alent(# cation (!a#5

*lectrical conduction is pro)ided0

'or e$ample( !a%-$Sr$Mn"# doped cation

Mn#5 and Mn45 are present 1, doping cation0

introduction

!a%-$Sr$Mn"#
+ou1le-e$change interaction
Spins are paralleled in di//erent or1ital 1, Hund7s rule0

(a t.g electrons (localized spins are paralleled 8

eg electron can trans/er to Mn45( 1ecause energ, is not changed i/ an, eg electron is e$ist 2hich site0

(1 t.g electrons (localized spins are antiparalleled 8 eg electron cannot trans/er to Mn45( 1ecause to trans/er results in a loss o/ energ, o/ Hund7s rule0

3aralleled t.g electrons 2ork

-his is dou1le-e$change interaction0

introduction

!a%-$Sr$Mn"#
t.g spins are leant0 -he /ormula o/ trans/er integral (t is this0

*$ternal magnetic /ield aligns the t.g spins and reduces the carrier scattering 1, the local spins0 /erromagnetic phase is sta1ilized /or high temperature0
A steep rise o/ the magnetization o1ser)ed around %#: ;0 Tc 8 -he critical /erromagnetic transition temperature
- dependence o/ resisti)it, /or single cr,stal o/ (!a$Sr%-$ #Mn."90 -he resisti)it, 2ith the current parallel (a1) and perpendicular (c 0

introduction

Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr

Manganese sul/ides 2ith the rock salt structure0
Cr,stal structure
Rock salt structure
(NaCl structure

Mn
Mn.5 ions are in the octahedral position s o/ the sul/ur cu1ic lattice0

MnS (not doping is Mott insulator0

-he /eatures o/ Me$Mn%-$S a0 " < S 8 It increases electron or1ital o)erlap0 10 NaCl structure 8 Rock salt structure is core o/ 3ero)skite structure0

introduction

Moti)ation
-o o1ser)e Colossal magnetoresistance o/ non-pero)skite Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr -o o1ser)e magnetic order o/ Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr

*$perimental method
sample 8 Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr = pol,cr,stal
$ o/ 'e is :0.>0 $ o/ Cr is :0?

measurement
A-ra, structural anal,sis 8monochromatic Cu K radiation
-emperature range %::@#:: ;

*lectrical resistance measurement 8 -emperature range 40.@#:: ;

Magnetic /ield H & :( .( %:( #:( and ?: k"e

Magnetic properties 8 measured on )i1rating-coil magnetometer 2ith

superconducting solenoid at #: k"e -emperature range 99@#:: ;
%: k"e & % -

Result

'e:0.>Mn:09%S

According to A-ra, data( the 'e:0.>Mn:09%S undergoes a structural transition at Ts @ %49 ;0

Similar transition is o1ser)ed in MnS0 Rhom1ohedral distortion

-he lattice parameter is independent o/ temperature at %.:@%4: ;0

!attice distortion is occurred0

-he conduction in the samples is o/ the semiconductor type 2ith thermal h,steresis0

-emperature-dependent (a lattice parameter( (1 magnetization( and (c resisti)it, o/ 'e:0.>Mn:09%S

Result

'e:0.>Mn:09%S

At #: k"e( the negati)e magnetoresistance H reaches -4?: B at @?: ;0

At ?: k"e( this )alue is -C9 B0

-emperature cur)es /or the magnetoresistance H o/ 'e:0.>Mn:09%S at %:( #:( and ?: k"e0

It7s /ound that 'e$Mn%-$S ha)e a colossal magnetoresistance 0

Result

Cr:0?Mn:0?S
-his sul/ide undergoes the anti/erromagnet/erromagnet transition at DD;0
-he nature is caused 1, Eahn-eller e//ect0

At #: k"e( the negati)e magnetoresistance H reaches -.? B at @40. ;0

-he transition to the negati)e magnetoresistance occurs in the range o/ magnetic transition0
-emperature cur)es /or the magnetization (a and magnetoresistance (1 o/ Cr:0?Mn:0?S at #: k"e0

It7s same 1eha)ior o/ !a%-$Sr$Mn"#

It7s /ound that Cr$Mn%-$S ha)e a colossal magnetoresistance 0

+iscussion
*lectrical and magnetic properties o/ Me$Mn%-$S are similar to those o1ser)ed /or !a%-$Sr$Mn"#0
analogous point the cu1ic lattice is distorted in the range o/ appeared CMR0 !aMn"# and MnS (not doping are Mott insulator0 A' semiconductor-'M metal are produced in cation-su1stituted !aMn"# ( or MnS 0
-he regions o/ anti/erromagnetic semiconductor and /erromagnetic metal coe$ist0 (1, MGss1auer data
H0I0 !ose)a et al0( 3h,s( Solid States .?( .%4. (%>C#

Fut( the mechanism o/ CMR e//ect still remains to 1e

Summar,
Colossal magnetoresistance is o1ser)ed in non-pero)skite Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr 0

-his Me$Mn%-$S sample has little data0 So( this sample must 1e gi)en results and should 1e understood the magnetism mechanisms0

M, stud,

Me$Mn%-$S

-he less interspace o/ octahedral structure( the more increase electron trans/er0 Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr ma, appear metallic state0 "ne 2a, is ion su1stitution0

"ther 2a, J

apply hydrostatic pressure

'or 'e$Mn%-$S( $ & :0.> is critical concentration o/ metal transition0
'e$Mn%-$S 2hich its concentration is no more than $ & :0.> appl, h,drostatic pressure( the sample appear metallic state0

I anticipate that CMR 2ill 1e o1ser)ed in Me$Mn%-$S (Me & 'e( Cr 1, pressure0