Synchronous Generator

Prashant Surana GET (Electrical)

1st Quarterly Review Date : 28/11/2012

Application : Source of electrical power

Mechanical Power to the turbine Converts it to electrical power

Electrical power output

Principle of power generation : When a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, then there will be development of potential difference between its terminals. Flemings right hand rule

Types of AC Generators
AC Generators Induction Gen
Synchronous generators are used because they offer precise control of voltage, frequency, VARs and WATTs. voltage regulators governors.

Synchronous Gen
magnitude of the AC voltage DC exciting current. Speed

Components
stator winding Rotor Exciter prime mover stator frame additional parts

Salient Pole rotor

1. Suitable for low speed machines 2. large number of poles are required , large diameter , less longer 3. damper windings to dampen out speed oscillations.

Generator Rating
Salient pole construction with brushless excitation. Siemens make Salient Pole Construction No. of poles : 4 Rated Voltage : 11 KV Rated Power : 9500 KVA Rated Current : 499 A Max Output Power : 7931 KW Max full Load Current : 520 A Rated Power Factor : 0.8 Rated Frequency : 50 Hz Ingress protection : 10 (50 mm, no protection)

Excitation system

Permanent Magnet Generator : 3-phase ,10 pole , 170V , 9A , 125Hz

Excitation : Rated full load on the machine : 60V , 6.3A Rated voltage on no load : 22V , 2.4A

Modes of Operation
Two Modes 1. isolated (island) mode 2. parallel with a system or other machines In both cases, the power (WATTs) -> fuel supplied

Island Operation
Speed load and fuel supply Voltage excitation. For example, an increase in load will have two effects:
Speed Fall
Governor Detection

Fuel increase

Voltage Fall AVR Detection Excitation increase

Parallel Operation
voltage and frequency fixed by the system fuel supply real power excitation internal emf power factor Reactive Power

Synchronization
Need of Synchronization : Connection with Grid : 1. Phase Sequence 2. Voltage 3. Frequency 4. Null Phase Difference

After Meeting all 4 conditions, the Synchronization relay closes the breaker.

MICOM P342 , P343

It is a generator Protection Relay , gives full protection to the generator

Protection Control Measurement Monitoring

Protection Generator Differential Protection Stator Earth Fault Phase Over Current Neutral Displacement Restricted Earth Fault Over Voltage/Under Voltage Under/ Over Frequency Reverse Power Flow Loss of Field Negative Phase Sequence Over Fluxing CB failure CT , VT supervision

Control Programmable optically isolated inputs and relay outputs Measurement Measure Values : instantaneous and integrated. Monitoring Trip Circuit Monitoring Breaker State Monitoring Breaker Condition Monitoring Temperature Monitoring

Discussion

Thank You