Concrete Pavement:

Selection of Concrete Materials

Jerry L. Larson IRMCA Indiana LTAP Basics of a Good Road

INDIANA CHAPTER

Basic Components of a Concrete Pavement

Surface smoothness or rideability Longitudinal joint Transverse joint Surface Texture Thickness Design

Concrete materials Dowel bars Tiebars Subgrade Base

How Pavements Carry Loads

6600 LBS. 6600 LBS.

Flexible Pavement
pressure < 0.2 MPa pressure 2.0 MPa

Concretes rigid panels spread the load over a large area reducing pressure on the sub grade.

Conventional Concrete Pavement Types

Full Depth
New Construction Reconstruction

Overlays Thin Overlays

Concrete Design Optimize

Cost
Performance

Subbase vs. NO Subbase

Heavy Traffic?? > 120 Trucks/day = subbase Fine grain soils prone to erosion Presence of moisture/water
Potential pumping Presence of all or most above conditions suggests need for subbase

Successful Concrete Pavement Design Requires Selecting Appropriate Features

Subgrade modification Drainage system Subbase Joint Spacing

18 ft 15 ft

Dowels Thickness 8 in 10 in 12 in

Reinforcement Joint Sealant None Hot pour Silicone Preformed Surface Texture Transverse tine Burlap drag Shoulder Asphalt Concrete

Concrete Mix Design

INDOT
Class A

INDOT
Class C Fast Track

Material

(per cubic yard) Cement (Type I) Cement (Type III) Fly Ash Coarse Aggregate * Fine Aggregate Water:Cement Ratio Water Reducer Air Entrainer ** 564 lbs. 708 lbs. (658 lbs.) (50 lbs.) 1425 lbs. 1350 lbs. 0.42 yes yes

1750 lbs. 1250 lbs. 0.45 max. yes yes

* **

Maximum top size coarse aggregate 0.75 - 1.0 in. Air content 6% + 1.5%

Durability = Performance
Quality Materials

Aggregate AP Approved, uniform gradation Minimum Cement Content Approved Admixtures

Proper Mix Design Control to Design Moisture/Water Control Air Entrainment 6% + 1.5% Proper Curing Liquid membrane applied @ manufacturers suggested rate

Panel Design
Plan

12 20 FT

Profile or

Jointing
Spacing based on thickness
6 thick 12 joint spacing > 12 thick 18 joint spacing

> 12 thick - saw 1/3 the depth If not specifying dowels can skew joints 1 in 12 across pavement High volume traffic seal joints with silicone or neoprene Low volume traffic seal joints with hot pour rubberized asphalt

Dowels or NO Dowels
The slabs ability to share its load with its neighboring slab
Dowels
High Traffic Volumes (Pavements > 8 in.) Poor Load Transfer L= x U= 0

Aggregate Interlock
Low Traffic Volumes (Pavements < 7 in.) L= x Good Load Transfer U= x

Surface Texture
Tineing

Surface Texture
Light Broom

Surface Texture
Drag Finish

Construction - Reconstruction

Construction - Reconstruction

Overlays
Expected Performance
UTW (2 4) 15 to 20 years Thicker overlays (4 6) 20 to 25 years

Condition of existing sub-grade/pavement Clearance issues if none, can build on top of old PCCP or HMA pavement

Concrete Resurfacing Applications

Concrete overlays for concrete pavements:
Bonded Concrete Overlays Unbonded Concrete Overlays

Concrete overlays for asphalt pavements:

Conventional Whitetopping Ultra-Thin Whitetopping

Unbonded Overlay
Consists of thick concrete layer (4 or greater) on top of existing concrete pavement. Uses a separation interlayer to separate new overlay and existing concrete.

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Unbonded Overlays
Separation Interlayer:
Key Overlay

Old Pavement Smooth Slip Plane

Overlay

Old Pavement Interlayer (1 in)

I-69 UNBONDED PCC OVERLAY

PCCP over old Concrete Pavement

Conventional Whitetopping
Consists of thick concrete layer (4 in or greater) on top of an existing asphalt pavement. Behaves as a new pavement on a strong base.

Typical Whitetopping Thickness

Depends on expected traffic load.
City streets, county roads, and small airports
4 to 7 in.

Primary roads and interstate highways

7 to 11 in.

Large airports
8 to 18 in.

Harding Street - Indianapolis

Built in 1985 6 Overlay on old HMA pavement 8 thick on stone where widened Skewed Joints

PCCP over old Chip & seal road

121st St., Fishers

Allisonville Road

PCCP over 2 lane HMA street

Allisonville Road Cross Section

UTW Schematic

Thin Slabs (2 to 4 inches)

Short Square Slabs (2 to 6 ft.)

Milled Surface

Market & Columbia Streets - Warsaw

3.5 PCCP over HMA, Gravel, & Brick

Demonstration in 2002

Photo by Indiana Public Works.com Magazine

Warsaw Whitetop
October 2002 July 2005

Concrete Roads and Streets

Concrete Intersections & Roundabouts

US 31 & SR 32 US 6 & US 421

Gray Rd. & 96th St. Pontiac Ave. & Wayne Trace, Ft. Wayne 96th St. approaching Keystone Ave.

Pervious Concrete

Summary KNOW YOUR OPTIONS

Questions?
Contact: Jerry L. Larson (317) 634-8989 jlarson@irmca.com Indiana Ready Mixed Concrete Association (317) 872-6302 www.irmca.com

INDIANA CHAPTER