Internal Combustion Engine

Fundamentals

Jeffrey B. Burl and Duane Abata

Michigan Tech University
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Slide 01
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

pressure = force
area
force = pressure x area

Slide 02
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

pressure = force
area
force = pressure x area

Slide 03
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Slide 04
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

ignition system

Slide 05 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics
intake system

ignition system

Slide 06 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics
intake system
exhaust system

ignition system

Slide 07 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics
intake system
exhaust system
cooling system thermostat

ignition system

Slide 08 crank mechanism

D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics
intake system
exhaust system
cooling system thermostat

ignition system

lubrication system
Slide 09
crankcase vent D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics
fuel

air air + fuel

pressure
✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 10
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

pressure
stoichiometric mixture

✘ ✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 11
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

pressure
✘

✘ ✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 12
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

pressure
✘

✘ ✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 13
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

✘
✘

pressure
✘

✘ ✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 14
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

✘
✘

pressure
✘
✘
✘ ✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 15
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

✘
✘

pressure
✘
✘
✘ ✘
✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 16
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

✘
✘

pressure
✘
✘
✘ ✘✘ ✘

volume
TDC BDC

Slide 17
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Work =  (pressure x volume)

positive work
✘
✘

pressure
✘
✘
✘ ✘✘ ✘
exhaust gas residual

volume
TDC BDC

negative work

Slide 18
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics - Some Problems
intake tuning exhaust tuning emissions

mixture preparation combustion, autoignition CxHx

CO
wear
NOx

inertia
Slide 18
lubrication
D. Abata
Internal Combustion Engine Basics

pressure
volume
TDC BDC

negligible negative work

The Diesel Engine

D. Abata
 10000 - 20000 psi

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Diesel Engine

D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 01
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 02
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 03
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 04
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 05
D. Abata
 Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine

Slide 06
D. Abata
 Summary
• two engine/fuel types
– gasoline (premixed)
Four Stroke Gasoline Engine – diesel (diffusion)

• four stroke, two stroke

Four Stroke Diesel Engine
– intake
– compression
– power
Two Stroke Gasoline Engine – exhaust

• problem areas
– performance
– emissions
 Why?

5,000,000,000 engines
(one engine for every man, woman and child in the world)