Professional Documents
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Giridharan.D
(i) effective use of visual aids (ii) adequate eye contact : size of the audience (iii) clarity in pronunciation and fluency (iv) maintaining a proper speed of presentation (v) posture and body movements suggesting confidence (vi) seeking and making proper use of visual feedback (vii) noting down important points arising out of discussion
1. Speech & Writing/Printing: a comparison Speech : pitch, volume, tone, speed, pauses, body movements, facial expressions Writing/Printing: punctuation, capitalization, spacing, margins, fonts
Or the letters th in thin // & then //. Also notice (b) word-stress: language, communication
3. Use of the phonetic script and the (Pronouncing) Dictionary: International Phonetic Alphabet: free downloading is possible Dictionaries on CD : listening to the pronunciation and it variety (e.g. British & American) now possible
4. Pronunciation of Sentences: intonation and rhythm INTONATION: rising / (yes /) falling \ (yes \) combination \/ (yes \/) RHYTHM: de dum de dum x x
(Pure Vowels/Monophthongs) initially medially finally 1. /i:/ east sheet key 2. /I/ it hit duty 3. /e / end send 4. // and sand 5. /a:/ art heart car 6. // ox fox
13. /e/ 14. // 15. /a/ 16./a/ 17. // 18. // 19. /e/ 20. /u/
straight joke mice shout how boil beard peer paired cured tour
hare
initially 7. // chin
medially reached
finally teach
8. / /
9. /m/ 10. /n/ 11. // 12. /l/
joke
met net lot
hinged
smoke snake rings fling
large
team tin sing full
finally
Word-stress
Two-syllable words Stress on first syllable bargain govern secret mischief message cabbage
Word-stress (continued)
Two-syllable words
Stress on second syllable admit forbid succed suppress police payee dismiss
Word-stress (continued)
Three-syllable words
Stress on first syllable advertise educate illustrate furniture government literature recognize signature tentative
Stress on second syllable adventure commercial decision external internal permission revision spectator umbrella
Word-stress (continued)
Three-syllable words
Primary Stress on third syllable ,addressee ,cigarette ,coincide ,devotee ,engineer ,guarantee ,recimmend
Word-stress (continued)
Four-syllable words
Primary Stress on first syllable applicable accurately comfortable honourable Primary Stress on second syllable advertisement appreciate arithmetic exaggerate participate photography
Word-stress (continued)
Four-syllable words
Primary Stress on third syllable accidental application exhibition independent individual
Word-stress (continued)
words with more than four syllables
Primary Stress on first syllable favouritism cannibalism secularism Primary Stress on second syllable adventurousness enthusiasm conservatism Primary Stress on third syllable electricity irresponsible popularity Primary Stress on fourth syllable academician civilization pacticipation
Word-stress (continued):
stress change according to part of speech
COMPARE: Noun/Adjective absent accent concert conflict export produce subject
1.Sounds and sound combinations 2. Stress 3. Rhythm 4. Intonation 5. Speed: pausing 6. Clarity of articulation 7. Voice modulation: volume & pitch variation (avoiding monotonous speech)