Seminar on Disaster Management by Group A students

1. Abhay Vimal

2. Abhilasha Goyal
3. Ajay Solanki 4. Akanksha Lamba 5. Akanksha Srivastava

Under the guidance of:

Dr. Sanjay Dixit sir Dr. Harish Shukla sir

INTRODUCTION
India often faces many natural calamities like floods, cyclones, drought, etc. because of its large geographical size and unpredictable climatic conditions.

WHAT IS DISASTER?
Disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.

EFFECTS OF DISASTER
Completely disrupts the normal day

to day life. Negative influence on emergency system Normal needs and processes affected

MAIN FEATURES OF DISASTER

Unpredictability Unfamiliarity Speed Urgency Uncertainty Threat Thus, in simple terms we can define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to life, property and livelihood.

TYPES OF DISASTER
Major natural disasters:
Flood Cyclone Drought Earthquake

Minor natural disasters:

Cold wave Heat waves Mud slides Thunderstorms

Major man made disasters:

Setting of fires Epidemic Deforestation Chemical pollution Wars

Minor man made disasters:

Road train accidents Food poisoning Environmental pollution Industrial disasters

PARAMETERS OF DISASTER
Risk
Vulnerability

Hazards
disaster risk= hazard + vulnerability

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Disaster

Preparedness

Response

Mitigation

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction

DISASTER IMPACT AND RESPONSE

Steps for Management of Mass

Casualties:
Search, rescue and first aid

Field care
Triage and Tagging Hospitalization and Treatment Care of the dead

Search, Rescue and First aid

Field Care
Adequate health care facilities
Bed availability Food and shelter Center for responding

to enquiries Identification of victims Adequate mortuary space

Triage
Classifying the injured on basis of severity of injuries and likelihood of survival with medical intervention. High priority: prognosis can be affected by medical intervention Low priority: require great deal of attention with questionable benefit.

Triage (cont..)
Triage: Four Color Code System

Red- high priority or transfer Yellow- medium priority Green- ambulatory patients Black- dead

Tagging
Tagging: For Identification

Care of the Dead

Removal of dead bodies Shifting to mortuary Identification Reception of relatives

Relief Phase
Relief phase: assistance from outside Steps in Managing Relief Supplies:
Acquisition of supplies Transportation

Storage
Distribution

Relief supplies: Emergency phase Delayed phase

Vaccination
WHO does not recommend typhoid and

cholera vaccination in endemic areas. Recommended for health workers Best protection- routine immunization

Nutrition
Food relief programme:

Steps for ensuring effectiveness Assess food supplies Assess nutritional needs Monitor nutritional status

Rehabilitation
Definition
Services under rehabilitation: Water supply Food safety Basic sanitation and personal hygiene

Vector control

Water Supply
Survey of all public water supplies:
Microbiological Chlorination Chemical Measures of protection of water sources

Food Safety
Poor hygiene- cause of food borne

disease
Maintain: Kitchen sanitation Personal hygiene

Basic Sanitation and Personal Hygiene

Fecal contamination of food and water-

causes communicable diseases Emergency latrines Facilities provided: washing, cleaning and bathing

Vector Control
Control programme: intensified
Special concern:

dengue fever, malaria, leptospirosis, rat bite fever, typhus and plague

Disaster Mitigation
Measures include:
Flood mitigation works Land use planning Improved building course Reduction of vulnerable population and

structures

Types of Mitigation
Structural: proper layout of buildings

example- flood levees Non structural: example- legislation, land use planning, insurance

Hazard specific risks: Rh

Combines probability and level of

impact Rh = H x Vh Rh = Hazard specific risk H = Hazard Vh = Population vulnerability to the hazard

Personal Mitigation
Knowing and avoiding unnecessary

risks Example: avoid buying property exposed to

hazard
Measures of personal structural

mitigation:
Earthquake valve

Seismic retrofits
House built on poles

PREPAREDNESS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

It is a program of long term developmental activities whose goals are to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of a country to manage efficiently all types of emergency.

WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a disaster occurs, i.e. PLANNING. survival kit 72hr kit

 To ensure provision of assistance

OBJECTIVES OF PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM

to victims To facilitate relief measures To provide rehabilitation services Disaster preparedness handbook

CORNERSTONE OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM

Community members
Resources Organizations Administrations

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

Community members have the most to lose from being vulnerable to disasters and most to gain from preparedness program. The first response always comes from within the community. Resources are most easily pooled at community level For sustained development

MEASURES FOR PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM

Evaluation of risk
Multiagency co-ordination Communication plans Organization of information systems
Community emergency response team

Adoption of standards and regulations

MEASURES FOR PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (contd.)

Emergency shelters

and evacuation plans Stock piling, inventory, supplies and equipment Emergency operation centre Trained volunteers amongst civilians Development of educational programs

PERSONAL PROTECTION
Measures to be taken during all emergencies: 1. Do not use the phone except to call for help. 112- Emergency phone no 2. Listen to messages broadcasted by radio and other means of communication. 3. Keep a family emergency kit ready

FLOODS
Beforehand measures During a flood measures After flood measures

STORM, HURRICANE & TORNADOES

Beforehand measures During an emergency After the emergency

EARTHQUAKES
Beforehand measures During an earthquake After the emergency

DISASTERS IN INDIA

DISASTERS IN INDIA
Cyclic weather variations: Northern mountains- Snow storms, landslides, earthquakes Eastern- Floods and cyclones Western- Droughts 8 major natural calamities a year

DISASTERS IN INDIA (contd.)

Orissa- Cyclone (29th October 1999) Gujarat- Earthquake (26th January 2001)

Tamil Nadu- Tsunami (December 2004)

ROLE PLAYED BY GOVERNMENT

State Government- Execution of relief Central Government- Supplementation of final resources Ministry of Agriculture- Nodal ministry for coordination of all activities during a natural disaster

Disaster Management Act ( DMA) 2005

President of India gave assent to DMA 2005 on Jan 9, 2006. Act comprises of 79 sections and 11 chapters.. Natural disaster management authority

EMERGENCY MEDICAL RELIEF WING

Health is an important part of disaster management. So under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare there is a wing called Emergency Medical Relief Wing.

FOREWARNING THE DISASTER

IMD (Indian Meteorological Department). It has 5 centres. DWS (Disaster Warning System), Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh SASE (Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment), Manali.

MAN MADE DISASTERS

3 categories: Sudden disasters e.g.
Bhopal Gas Tragedy Chernobyl accident

Insidious disasters e.g. Research Labs & Chemical Plants Wars and Civil conflicts e.g. World Trade Centre

World Disaster Reduction Day2nd Wednesday Of October

THANK YOU