Project: Ieee P802.15 Working Group For Wireless Personal Area Networks (Wpans)

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.
15-05-0113-02-004a
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks
(WPANs)
Submission Title: [Merged UWB proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Alt-PHY]
Date Submitted: [22 Feb 2005]
Source: [Francois Chin, et.al.]
Company: [Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore]
Address: [21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613]
Voice: [65-68745687] FAX: [65-67744990] E-Mail: [chinfrancois@i2r.a-star.edu.sg]
Re: [Response to the call for proposal of IEEE 802.15.4a, Doc Number: 15-04-0380-02-004a ]
Abstract: [Merged Proposal to IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group]
Purpose: [For presentation and consideration by the IEEE802.15.4a committee]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s)
the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of
IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Submission Slide 1 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
This contribution is a technical merger between*:

Institute for Infocomm Research [05/032]
General Atomics [05/016]
Thales & Cellonics [05/008]
KERI & SSU & KWU [05/033]
Create-Net & China UWB Forum [05/019]
Staccato Communications [04/0704]
Wisair [05/09]
* For a complete list of authors, please see page 3.

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Institute for Infocomm Research: Authors

Francois Chin, Xiaoming Peng, Sam Kwok, Zhongding Lei, Kannan, Yong-Huat
Chew, Chin-Choy Chai, Rahim, Manjeet, T.T. Tjhung, Hongyi Fu, Tung-Chong
Wong
General Atomics:
Naiel Askar, Susan Lin
Thales & Cellonics:
Serge Hethuin, Isabelle Bucaille, Arnaud Tonnerre, Fabrice Legrand, Joe
Jurianto
KERI & SSU & KWU:
Kwan-Ho Kim, Sungsoo Choi, Youngjin Park, Hui-Myoung Oh, Yoan Shin, Won
cheol Lee, and Ho-In Jeon
Create-Net & China UWB Forum:
Zheng Zhou, Frank Zheng, Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Iacopo Carreras,
Sandro Pera, Imrich Chlamtac
Staccato Communications:
Roberto Aiello, Torbjorn Larsson
Wisair:
Gadi Shor, Sorin Goldenberg

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Multiband Ternary Orthogonal Keying

(M-TOK)
for IEEE 802.15.4a UWB based Alt-PHY

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Goals
• Good use of UWB unlicensed spectrum
• Good system design
• Path to low complexity CMOS design
• Path to low power consumption
• Scalable to future standards
• Graceful co-existence with other services
• Graceful co-existence with other UWB systems
• Support different classes of nodes, with different reliability
requirements (and $), with single common transmit signaling

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Main Features
Proposal main features:
• Impulse-radio based (pulse-shape independent)
• Common preamble signaling for different classes of
nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential /
noncoherent)
• Band Plan based on multiple 500 MHz bands
• Robustness against SOP interference
• Robustness against other in-band interference
• Scalability to trade-off complexity/performance

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Proposed System Parameters

Chip rate 24 Mcps
# Pulse / Chip Period 1
Pulse Rep. Freq. 24 MHz
# Chip / symbol (Code length) 32
Symbol Rate 24/32 MHz = 0.75 MSps
info. bit / sym (Mandatory Mode) 4 bit / symbol
Mandatory bit rate 4 bit/sym x 0.75 MSps = 3 Mbps
#Code Sequences/ piconet 16 (4 bit/symbol)
Code position modulation (CPM)
Lower bit rate scalability Symbol Repetition
Modulation {+1,-1} bipolar and {+1,-1, 0} ternary pulse train
Total # simultaneous piconets 6 per FDM band

supported
Multple access for piconets Fixed sequence & FDM band for each piconet

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
System Description
• Each piconet uses one set of code sequences
for different classes of nodes / type of receivers
(coherent / differential / non-coherent receivers)
• 16 Orthogonal Sequences of code length 32 to
represent a 4-bit symbol
• PRF (chip rate): 24 MHz
– Low enough to avoid significant interchip interference
(ICI) with all 802.15.4a multipath models
– High enough to ensure low pulse peak power
• FEC: optional (or low complexity type)
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Band Plan
BAND_ID Lower frequency Center frequency Upper frequency
1 3168 MHz 3432 MHz 3696 MHz

2 3696 MHz 3960 MHz 4224 MHz
3 4224 MHz 4488 MHz 4752 MHz
4 4752 MHz 5016 MHz 5280 MHz
5 5280 MHz 5544 MHz 5808 MHz
6 5808 MHz 6072 MHz 6336 MHz
7 6336 MHz 6600 MHz 6864 MHz
8 6864 MHz 7128 MHz 7392 MHz
9 7392 MHz 7656 MHz 7920 MHz
10 7920 MHz 8184 MHz 8448 MHz
11 8448 MHz 8712 MHz 8976 MHz
12 8976 MHz 9240 MHz 9504 MHz
13 9504 MHz 9768 MHz 10032 MHz
14 10032 MHz 10296 MHz 10560 MHz

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Multiple access
Multiple access within piconet: TDMA+CSMA/CA

same as 15.4
Multiple access across piconets: CDM + FDM

Different Piconet uses different Base Sequence &
different 500 MHz band

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Types of Receivers Supported

• Coherent Detection: The phase of the received
carrier waveform is known, and utilized for
demodulation
• Differential Chip Detection: The carrier phase of
the previous signaling interval is used as phase
reference for demodulation
• Non-coherent Detection: The carrier phase
information (e.g.pulse polarity) is unknown at
the receiver

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Criteria of Code Sequence Design

1. The sequence Set should have orthogonal (or near orthogonal)
cross correlation properties to minimise symbol decision error for
all the below receivers
a. For coherent receiver
b. For differential chip receiver
c. For non-coherent symbol detection receiver
d. Energy detection receiver
2. Each sequence should have good auto-correlation properties

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Criteria of Code Sequence Design

2. To minimise impact of DC noise effect on energy collector based
non-coherent receiver
• For OOK signaling, the transmitter transmits {+1,-1,0} ternary
sequences
• Conventional receive unipolar code sequence – follows transmit
sequence
• After the energy capture in the receiver, the noise has positive
DC components in each chip; error occurs in thresholding,
especially at lower SNR
• This will accumulate noise unevenly in symbol decision
• An ideal receive despreading chip sequence should then have
bipolar chip values, preferrably with equal number of ‘+1 and ‘-1’
chips
• This, to certain extent, will nullify DC noise energy in symbol
decision
• This, will also nullify energy components from other interfering
piconets
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Base Sequence Set

Seq 1 0+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+00-0-+00--
Seq 2 0-0+--000+0+0+-0+0000+-00+00+---
Seq 3 0-+0++---0+000-00-0+0++0000-+-00
Seq 4 00+0+--0--000-+-++00++0-00+0000-
Seq 5 0+-+-00-00++0000+0--0-0+000--+0+
Seq 6 000-+-0000++0+0-00-000+0---++0+-
• 31-chip Ternary Sequence set are chosen

• Only one sequence and one fixed band (no hopping) will be used
by all devices in a piconet
• Logical channels for support of multiple piconets
•6 sequences = 6 logical channels (e.g. overlapping piconets) for
each FDM Band
• The same base sequence will be used to construct the symbol-to-
chip mapping table
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Symbol-to-Chip Mapping:
Gray coded 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying
Symbol Cyclic shift to 32-Chip value
right by n To obtain 32-chip per symbol, cyclic shift the Base
chips, n=
Sequence first, then append a ‘0’-chip in front
0000 0 0+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+00-0-+00--
0001 2 0--+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+00-0-+00
0011 4 000--+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+00-0-+
0010 6 0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+00-0
0110 8 0–0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+00
0111 10 000–0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+0-0000+
0101 12 00+00–0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+0-000
0100 14 0000+00–0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+0–0
1100 15 00000+00–0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+0–
1101 17 00–0000+00–0-+00--+--000+-0+++0+
1111 19 00+0–0000+00–0-+00--+--000+-0+++
1110 21 0++0+0–0000+00–0-+00--+--000+-0+
1010 23 00+++0+0–0000+00–0-+00--+--000+-
1011 25 0+-0+++0+0–0000+00–0-+00--+--000
1001 27 000+-0+++0+0–0000+00–0-+00--+--0
1000 29 0-000+-0+++0+0–0000+00–0-+00--+-

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Good Properties of the Mapping

Sequence
1. Cyclic nature, leads to simple implementation
2. Zero DC for each sequence
3. No need for carrier phase tracking (i.e. coherent receiver)

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Synchronisation Preamble
Correlator output for synchronisation
• Code sequences has good autocorrelation properties

• Preamble is constructed by repeating ‘0000’ symbols
• Long preamble is constructed by further symbol repetition

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Frame Format
Octets: 2 1 0/4/8 n 2
MAC Frame Data

Seq. # Address Payload CRC
Sublayer Cont.
MHR MSDU MFR
Octets: 4? 1 1 Data: 32 (n=23) For ACK: 5 (n=0)
PHY Preamble SFD Frame

MPDU
Layer Length
SHR PHR PSDU
PPDU

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Transmission Mode
Mode Data Bit / Sym. TX Receiver type
Rate symbol Rep. Sign-
(Mbps) aling
1a 3 4 1 Ternary - Short Preamble for all receivers

- High Data Rate Mode (for Energy
Collection receivers)
1b 0.75 4 4 Ternary - Long Preamble for all receivers
- Low Data Rate Mode (for Energy
Collection receivers)
2a 3 4 1 Binary - High Data Rate Mode (for
Coherent / Differential Chip
Receiver)
2b 0.75 4 4 Binary - Low Data Rate Mode (for Coherent
/ Differential Chip Receiver)

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Modulation & Coding (Mode 1)

Binary
data Bit-to- Symbol- Symbol Pulse
From Symbol to-Chip Repetition Generator
PPDU
{0,1,-1} Ternary
Sequence
Bit to symbol mapping:
group every 4 bits into a symbol
Symbol-to-chip mapping:
Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chip
sequence, according to 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal
Keying
Symbol Repetition:
for data rate and range scalability
Pulse Genarator:
• Transmit Ternary pulses at PRF = 24MHz

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Modulation & Coding (Mode 2)

Binary
data Bit-to- Symbol- Symbol Ternary- Pulse
From Symbol to-Chip Repetition Binary Generator
PPDU
{0,1,-1} Ternary {1,-1} Binary
Sequence Sequence
Bit to symbol mapping:

group every 4 bits into a symbol
Symbol-to-chip mapping:
Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chip sequence,
according to 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying
Symbol Repetition:
for data rate and range scalability
Ternary to Binary conversion:
(-1/+1 → 1,0 → -1)
Pulse Genarator:
• Transmit bipolar pulses at PRF = 24MHz

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Auto Correlation Properties for Non-

Coherent Symbol Detection Receiver

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Cross Correlation Properties for

Coherent Detection Receiver
TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 1) = TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 2) =

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Differential Multipath Combining
{ } { } {
Re x1,n +1 ⋅ x1*,n + Re x 2,n +1 ⋅ x 2* ,n + Re x 3,n +1 ⋅ x 3* ,n }
x 2,n x
x 1, n x1,n +1 2,n +1
x 3,n x 3,n +1

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Auto Correlation Properties for Differential

Chip Detection Receiver

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Cross Correlation Properties for

Differential Chip Detection Receiver
DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) * DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) *
DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 1) = DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 2) =

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Non-Coherent Receiver Architectures

(Mode 1)
BPF ( )2 LPF / ADC Soft
integrator Despread
Sample Rate 1/Tc
• Energy detection technique rather than coherent receiver,

for low cost, low complexity
• Soft chip values gives best results
• Oversampling & sequence correlation is used to recovery
chip timing recovery
• Synchronization fully re-acquired for each new packet
received (=> no very accurate timebase needed)

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Auto Correlation Properties for Energy

Detection Receiver (Mode 1)

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Cross Correlation Properties for Energy

Detection Receiver (Mode 1)
TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet ' =

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
AWGN Performance

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
AWGN Performance
AWGN performance @ 1% PER
@ 3 Mbps Non-coherent Differential chip Energy detection

symbol detection detection
Mode 1 8.5 dB 13 dB 13.5 dB

Mode 2 7.5 dB 11.5 dB -

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Basic Data Rate Throughput

(Low Rate Modes)
Data Frame (38 bytes) ACK
tACK LIFS
Tframe
(Time Slot for Multiple Piconet)
• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 0.75 Mbps)
• Symbol Period = 1.33us
– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 0.75= 405.3 µsec
– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 0.75 = 117.3 µsec
– tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec
– LIFS (considering 15.4 spec) : 640 µsec
– Tframe = 1355 µsec
– Useful Basic Data Rate = 189.0 kbps
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

(High Rate Modes)
tACK LIFS
Tframe
• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)

– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 3 = 101.3 µsec
– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a

(High Rate Modes)
tACK LIFS
Tframe
• Useful data rate calculation for 127 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)
– Data frame time : 127 x 8 / 3 = 354.7 µsec
– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Link Budget

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Ranging and Positioning

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Asynchronous Ranging Scheme

• Synchronous ranging
– One way ranging
– Simple TOA/TDOA measurement
– Universal external clock
Transmitted packets
• Asynchronous ranging Received packets
– Two way ranging

TOF : Time Of Flight
– TOA/TDOA measurement by RTTs RTT : Round Trip Time
– Half-duplex type of signal exchange SHR : Synchronization Header
Reference Time
But, High RTT
A SHR Payload Complexity
TOF
SHR Payload SHR Payload
B SHR Payload
TOFAB TOF
SHR Payload SHR Payload
C SHR Payload
TOFAC k Pre- determined
delay time(T)
TDOABC
TOF = (RTT- 2k- T)/2
Synchronous Ranging Asynchronous Ranging
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Proposed Positioning Scheme

 Features
- Sequential two-way ranging is executed via relay transmissions
- PAN coordinator manages the overall schedule for positioning
- Inactive mode processing is required along the positioning
- PAN coordinator may transfer all sorts of information such as observed
- TDOAs to a processing unit (PU) for position calculation
P_FFD3
P_FFD2 TOA24
TOA34
RFD
PAN
coordinator
TOA14
PU
P_FFD : Positioning Full Function Device
RFD : Reduced Function Device
Benefits P_FFD1
- It does not need pre-synchronization among the devices

- Positioning in mobile environment is partly accomplished
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Process of Proposed Positioning

Scheme
PAN
coordinator
RTT14
RTT13
RTT12
P_FFD1
T RTT24
RTT23
P_FFD2
T12 T
RTT34
P_FFD3
T13 T23 T
RFD
T T34
T14
: Transmited packets T24
: Received packets TOA

Submission Slide 39
measurement
Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
More Details for obtaining TDOAs

• Distances among the positioning FFDs are calculated from RTT
measurements and known time interval T
RTT12 = T + 2T12 T12 = (RTT12 – T)/2
RTT23 = T + T23 = (RTT23 – T)/2
2T
RTT 13 = T12 + 2T + T23 + T13
23
T13 = (RTT13 – T12 – T23 – 2T)
• Using observed RTT measurements and calculated distances,

TOAs/TDOAs are updated
TOA34 = (RTT34 - T)/2
RTT34 = T34 + T + T34
RTT24 = T23 + T + T34 + T + T24 TOA24 = (RTT24 - T23 - TOA34 -
2T)
RTT14 = T12 + T + T23 + T + T34 + T + T14 TOA14 = (RTT14 - T12 - T23 - TOA34 -
3T)
TDOA12 = TOA14 – TOA24
TDOA23 = TOA24 – TOA34

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Position Calculation using TDOAs

• The range difference measurement defines a hyperboloid of
constant range difference
• When multiple range difference measurements are obtained,
producing multiple hyperboloids, the position location of the device
is at the intersection among the hyperboloids
A
TOATag_A
TOATag_C
Tag C
TDOAA_B
B TOATag_B
TDOAB_C
Ri , j = c × TDOAi , j = c × (TOAi − TOAj ) = ( Xi − x ) 2 + (Yi − y )2 − ( X j − x)2 + (Yj − y )2

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Positioning Scenario Overview

 Case 1
• Using static reference nodes in
Cluster 1 relatively large scaled cluster :
– Power control is required
– Power consumption increases
– All devices in cluster must be in
inactive data transmission mode
PAN Coordinator
FFD • Using static and dynamic nodes
 Case 2
RFD
Positioning FFD(P_FFD)
in overlapped small scaled sub-
clusters :
– Sequential positioning is executed
in each sub-cluster
– Low power consumption
– Associated sub-cluster in
positioning mode should be in
Cluster 1 inactive data transmission mode
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Positioning Scenario for Star topology

• Star topology FDD 측위 용
FFD2
– PAN coordinator activated mode

측위용
• Positioning all devices FFD1
PAN
• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is not

coordinator
RFD3
required
RFD1
– Target device activated mode

• Positioning is requested from some device 측위 용
RFD2 FFD3
• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is required

PAN
coordinator P_FFD1 P_FFD2 P_FFD3 RFD
Broadcasting
to all P_FFDs
S_addr. S_addr. S_addr. S_addr. S_addr.
PAN_co. P_FFD1 P_FFD2 P_FFD3 T_RFD1
D_addr. D_addr. D_addr. D_addr.
P_FFD1 P_FFD2 P_FFD3 T_RFD1
P_addr. P_addr. P_addr. P_addr.
P_FFD1 P_FFD2
P_FFD2 P_FFD3
P_FFD3 T_RFD1
S_addr. : Source Address
T_RFD1
P_FFD3 T_RFD1 D_addr. : Destination Address
T_addr. T_addr.
T_addr. P_addr. : Positioning Address
T_RFD1 T_RFD1
T_RFD1 T_addr. : Target Address
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Positioning Scenario for

Cluster-tree Topology
RFD2
RFD4
RFD1
 Cluster-tree topology RFD0
FFD0
RFD1 RFD3
P_FFD2
P _FFD1 FFD1 RFD4
FFD1 RFD3 PAN

FFD0
coordinator
FFD1 RFD6
FFD2
RFD2
P_FFD3
P_addr. RFD7
RFD5
P_FFD3 P_FFD3
addition PAN
coordinator P_FFD1 P_FFD2 P_FFD3 RFD
Broadcasting
to all P_FFDs
N_addr. N_P_addr. S_addr. S_addr. S_addr. S_addr. S_addr.
FFD0 P_FFD2 PAN_co. P_FFD1 P_FFD2 P_FFD3 T_RFD5

FFD1 P_FFD1
RFD6 D_addr. D_addr. D_addr. D_addr.
P_FFD1 P_FFD2 P_FFD3 T_RFD5

S_addr. : Source Address
D_addr. : Destination Address
P_addr. P_addr. P_addr. T_addr. P_addr. : Positioning Address
P_FFD1 P_FFD2 T_RFD5
T_addr. : Target Address
P_FFD3
P_FFD2 P_FFD3 N_addr. : Neighbor Address
re- arragement N_P_addr. : Neighbor Positioning Address
P_FFD3 T_addr.
T_addr.
T_RFD5
T_addr. T_RFD5
T_RFD5
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Analog Energy Window Bank

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Ranging Accuracy Improvement

• Technical requirement for positioning
– “It can be related to precise (tens of centimeters) localization in some
cases, but is generally limited to about one meter ”
• Parameters for technical requirement
– Minimum required pulse duration :
1[ m]
= 3.333[nsec]
3 ×10 8[ m/ sec]
– Minimum required clock speed for the correlator in the conventional

coherent systems
High Cost !
1
= 300[ MHz]
3.333[nsec]
★ Fast ADC clock speed in the conventional coherent receiver

is required for the digital signal processing
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Analog Energy Window Bank (1)

• Digital signal processing with fast clock can be replaced by
using analog energy window bank with low clock speed
• Why analog energy window bank?
– Conventional single energy window may support the energy detection
for data demodulation in the operation mode
– However, this cannot guarantee the correct searching of the signal
position in the timing mode (that also means the ambiguity of ranging
accuracy)
• Analog energy window bank can sufficiently support timing and
calibration as well as operation mode
– Widow Bank Size : ~4 nsec (smallest pulse duration)
– The number of energy windows in a bank : 11
– Operation clock speed of each energy window : 24 MHz
– Number of the required energy windows depends on the power delay
profile of the multipath channel (effective multipath components)
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Analog Energy Window Bank (2)

Integrator Bank Integrator Bank
for Timing and for Operation Mode
Calibration Mode (Demodulation)
Size of the Integrated Bank (S)

∫
2 n sec
(⋅)2 dt ∫2 n sec
(⋅)2 dt
∫ (⋅)2 dt ∫ (⋅)2 dt
 
2 n sec 2 n sec
∫ (⋅) dt ∫ (⋅)2 dt
2
2 n sec 2 n sec
Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer
First Estim
Path Estimation
ating or Threshold
Bit “1” Bit “0”
Comparison
andAveraging
Calibration

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Modifying MAC

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Modifications of
• Features
MAC Command Frame (1)
– Frame control field
• frame type : positioning (new addition using a reserved bit)
– Command frame identifier field
• Positioning request/response (new addition)
– Positioning parameter information field
• Absolute coordinates of positioning FFDs
• POS range
• List of positioning FFDs and target devices
• Power control
• Pre-determined processing time (T)
Octets : 2 1 0/4/8 1 variable 2
Frame Sequence Addressing command Positioning Command FCS

control number fields frame parameter payload
identifier
MHR MAC payload MFR

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Modifications of
MAC Command Frame (2)
• Frame Control
bits : 0~2 3 4 5 6 7~9 10~11 12~13 14~15
Frame Security Frame Ack. Intra- Reserved Dest. Reserved Source

type enabled pending request PAN addressing mode addressing mode
Frame type value Description • Command frame identifier

000 Beacon Command frame Command frame
identifier
001 Data
0x01 Association request
010 Acknowledgment
0x02 Association response
011 MAC command
0x03 Disassociation notification
100 Positioning 0x04 Data request
101~111 Reserved 0x05 PAN ID conflict notification
0x06 Orphan notification
0x07 Beacon request

• Positioning parameter 0x08 Coordinator realignment
Fixed POS positioning Pre- Power 0x09 GTS request
coordinate range FFDs determined Control
Address & processing 0x0a Positioning request
Target devices time(T) 0x0b Positioning response
lists
0x0c~0xff Reserved

Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Summary
The proposed system:
• Impulse-radio based system coupled with a
Common ternary signaling allows operation among
different classes of nodes / type of receivers, with
varying cost / power / performance trade-off
• Has Band Plan based on multiple 500+MHz bands
• Is robust against SOP interference
• Is robust against other in-band interference

Project: Ieee P802.15 Working Group For Wireless Personal Area Networks (Wpans)

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Project: Ieee P802.15 Working Group For Wireless Personal Area Networks (Wpans)

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Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.

Submission Slide 1 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

This contribution is a technical merger between*:

* For a complete list of authors, please see page 3.

Institute for Infocomm Research: Authors

Submission Slide 3 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Multiband Ternary Orthogonal Keying

Submission Slide 4 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Submission Slide 5 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Submission Slide 6 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Proposed System Parameters

Total # simultaneous piconets 6 per FDM band

Submission Slide 7 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

1 3168 MHz 3432 MHz 3696 MHz

Submission Slide 9 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Multiple access within piconet: TDMA+CSMA/CA

Multiple access across piconets: CDM + FDM

Submission Slide 10 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Types of Receivers Supported

Submission Slide 11 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Criteria of Code Sequence Design

Submission Slide 12 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Criteria of Code Sequence Design

Base Sequence Set

• 31-chip Ternary Sequence set are chosen

Submission Slide 15 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Good Properties of the Mapping

Submission Slide 16 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

• Code sequences has good autocorrelation properties

Submission Slide 17 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

MAC Frame Data

Octets: 4? 1 1 Data: 32 (n=23) For ACK: 5 (n=0)

PHY Preamble SFD Frame

Submission Slide 18 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

1a 3 4 1 Ternary - Short Preamble for all receivers

Submission Slide 19 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Modulation & Coding (Mode 1)

Submission Slide 20 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Modulation & Coding (Mode 2)

Bit to symbol mapping:

Submission Slide 21 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Auto Correlation Properties for Non-

Submission Slide 22 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Cross Correlation Properties for

TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 1) = TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 2) =

Submission Slide 23 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Differential Multipath Combining

Submission Slide 24 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Auto Correlation Properties for Differential

Submission Slide 25 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Cross Correlation Properties for

Submission Slide 26 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Non-Coherent Receiver Architectures

Sample Rate 1/Tc

• Energy detection technique rather than coherent receiver,

Submission Slide 27 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Auto Correlation Properties for Energy

Submission Slide 28 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Cross Correlation Properties for Energy

TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet ' =

Submission Slide 29 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.

Submission Slide 30 Francois Chin (I2R), et. al.