-SAI-

Compare and Contrast Behaviourist Theory and Client Centered Theory

Theebann Mahendran Prasana Latha Silvalingam

Behavioural Theory

Counselling Theories

Client Centered

Theory

THEORY

BEHAVIOURIST

CLIENT CENTERED

THEORIST

Ivan Pavlov, B.F

Skinner

Carl Rogers

BASIC CONCEPT

Helping clients to act actively towards problem solving.

Help clients improve their self-confidence, autonomy and spontaneous nature.

THEORY

BEHAVIOURIST

CLIENT CENTERED

Views towards human beings

(Neutral)

Rationale,

socialize,

Humans have the same potential to be a good bad.

forward-looking, realistic Dignity and self-respect and be respected Ability to assess wisely

THEORY Views towards human beings

BEHAVIOURIST Give an appropriate response to the

CLIENT CENTERED Ability to select own values Ability to deal with emotions, thoughts

stimulus and what the humans learned only As a result of have

and behaviors

conditioning:
stimulus response

THEORY

BEHAVIOURIST

CLIENT CENTERED

a) Modifying

behavior

a) For the achievement of client goals b) to help to response to the internal characteristics of the client

through changes in the AIM(S) environment b) Changes in behavior B through the changes

of behaviour A or C
c) Teaching social skills

c) restore self-awareness

THEORY

BEHAVIOURIST

CLIENT CENTERED

TECHNIQUE(S)

OPERANT 1) Contingency Contract

1) Genuineness/Congruency

Children will involve with in order to decide only important rules and regulations
2) Shaping

Not tied up with roles, spontaneous, non-defensive, and consistent to share or express feelings and emotions (open, real and honest)
2) Unconditional Positive Regard & Acceptance Value and accept client as they are

A child is rewarded for successful approximation of a target behaviour or skill through observation

THEORY
TECHNIQUE (S)

BEHAVIOURIST
3)Modeling Learning through the experience of others to model the desired behaviour 4) Token Economy given when the child shows the desired behaviour of conduct. Eg: giving extra point, smiley stickers

CLIENT CENTERED
3)Empathy Diving into clients world by experiencing the condition being experienced by the client and shows the feeling of being felt to the client

THEORY Guidance and counseling teacher roles

BEHAVIOURIST

CLIENT CENTERED The counseling teacher and the clients are in the context of psychological. Guidance and counseling teacher shows non-directive characteristics Guidance and counseling teacher listens actively and provides needful support during the counseling session

monitor inappropriate behavior (teacher) Adopt a behavior management skills (students) Counselor plan to strengthen the desired behaviour

THEORY
Guidance and counseling teacher roles

BEHAVIOURIST

CLIENT CENTERED

Guidance and counseling Guidance and teacher show empathetic counseling teacher can understanding to the client eliminate or destroy when they share their personal dilemma. undesired behaviour or unacceptable behaviour of clients The nature of empathy and unconditional positive regard and acceptance will Guidance and successfully achieve during counseling teacher counseling session shows directive characteristics

THEORY Counseling Process

BEHAVIOURIST Identify unwanted behaviour that need to be changed Achieving baseline desire desired behavior. State or fix the goal to be achieved

CLIENT CENTERED Counselors will not make judgments but to accept the feelings expressed by the client Counselors explain the real situation to the client in counseling. Counselors will identify and accept positive feelings client on this stage, the client begins to understand himself and his personal character.

THEORY Counseling Process

BEHAVIOURIST Design contingency plan to shape desired behaviour

CLIENT CENTERED Clients can receive a good self image and also self image of less better.

Evaluate the contingency plan to check its effectiveness in shaping desired behaviour of the client

Clients understand the options available and the counselor will help evaluate and understand these choices.
Clients are better able to make choices and take action Clients no longer get defensive, but starting to show acceptance of himself. Finally, clients have started to make their own decisions and be ready end the counseling session

If the contingency plan is effective and suitable for the client, then new plan will be created to maintain the desired behaviour