Speaker: S.

Veerasingam Vice-President Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety and Health (MSOSH)

Managing Safety and Health Risk - Objectives To ensure that:

The hazards inherent in the operations have been syste atically identified and assessed and are fully understood at the appropriate levels in the organisation !rrange ents are in place to control these hazards and to deal "ith the conse#uences should the need arise The necessary infor ation$ training$ auditing and i prove ent process are in place

HS% Risk - &efinition

Risk ' (onse#uence resulting fro the release of a hazard ) *robability of the occurrence of that event

&ffects of 'afety and Health Ha(ards Identify

Are people exposed to harm resulting from the companys operations? What are the causes, consequences & effects? How likely is the loss of control? What is the risk & is it A A!"? #an the causes $e eliminated? What controls are needed & can they $e effecti%e?

Assess

#ontrol

!eco%er

#an the potential consequences & effects $e mitigated? What are the reco%ery measures required? Are the reco%ery capa$ilities suita$le & sufficient?

Step +- Hazard

,dentify all H!-!R&S

H!-!R& - &efinition Hazard is defined as:

!nything that has the potential to cause har $ ill health and injury$ da age to property$ products or the environ ent$ production losses or increase liabilities

Ha(ard

At workplace categorized: Physical, Chemical, Biological & Physcosocial

Hazard - e)a ples (he ical Hydrocarbon under pressure S oke To)ic *hysical Moving road tankers / vehicles %levated objects 0oise *eople "orking at heights High voltage aterial .olatile fluids in tanks

Hazard - e)a ples 3iological To)icological lab 1catering facility at distant "ork station2 *hyscosocial 4orking outside the country "ithout fa ily e bers5

Step 6 - Top %vent

7ist Top %vents or ,ncidents "hich "ill result "hen hazards are released and relate the to the hazards identified

Top %vent - definition

Top %vent is defined as:

The incident "hich occurs as a result of the hazard being released

Ha(ard

)op &%ent *Incident+

Top %vent - e)a ples

7oss of contain ent %lectrical shock 8all fro heights aterial aterial

%)posure to to)ic

%)posure to radioactive

%ffluent discharge into "ater"ays % issions of to)ic gases

Step 9 - (onse#uences

7ist conse#uences "hich result fro hazard being released

(onse#uence - definition (onse#uence is defined as:

!n event or chain of events that results fro being released the hazard

"eople Asset ,amage &n%ironment

Ha(ard

)op &%ent *Incident+

!eputation

(onse#uences - e)a ples Serious injury &eath 7atent illness or disease "hich has long gestation period *roperty da age - o"n or public %nviron ental da age 7oss of reputation leading to loss in current and prospective business 7oss of revenue - paying for co pensation$ e)penses$ production loss or defer ent edical

Step : - Hazard register

(o pile a Hazards ; %ffects register listing Hazards$ Top %vent ; (onse#uences
H!-!R&S ; %88%(TS R%<,ST%R Risk Re edial ,nitial 8inal Hazard Threats 3arriers Top Recovery (onse#uences Rating %vent Measures Risk Risk !ction Re#uired * ! % R = = =

Step > -Risk ranking

?sing the Risk Matri) ; brainstor ing techni#ues rank the hazards and conse#uences based on the probabilities of the Top %vent occurring

R,S@ M!TR,=
(O0S%A?%0(%
A
RATIN P()P*( A++(T+ (N,IR)N-(NT R(P.TATI)N N(,(R /(AR' )0 IN IN'.+TR1

,0(R%!S,0< *RO3!3,7,TB
B
/(AR' )0 INCI'(NT IN IN'.+TR1

C
INCI'(NT /A+ )CC.RR(' IN ).R C)-PAN1

'
/APP(N+ +(,(RA* TI-(+ P(R 1(AR IN C)2

(
/APP(N+ +(,(RA* TI-(+ P(R 1(AR AT *)CATI)N

! " # $ % &

No i345ry +light i345ry -i3or i345ry -a4or i345ry +i3gle 7atality

No damage R+light damage R-i3or damage R*ocal damage R-

No impact +light impact -i3or impact *ocalised impact -a4or impact -assi9e impact

No impact +light impact *imited impact Co3sidera6le impact -a4or 3atio3al -a4or i3ter3atio3al

Manage for (ontinuous ,nprove ent &e onstrate !7!R*

-a4or damage R-5ltiple (8te3si9e 7atalities damage R-

,0TO7%R!37% ,ncorporate Risk Reduction easures *repare HS% (ase

Ranking Risk *robability

H!-!R&S ; %88%(TS R%<,ST%R Risk Re edial ,nitial 8inal Hazard Threats 3arriers Top Recovery (onse#uences Rating %vent Measures Risk Risk !ction Re#uired * ! % R = = = = = = = =

= = = =

= = = =

= = = =

(onse#uence - definition
Har
No2
! "

to people
'escriptio3
0o ,njury or da age to Health Slight ,njury or health effects :i3cl5di3g 7irst aid case a3d medical traeme3t case; <Not a77ecti3g work per7orma3ce or ca5si3g disa6ility Minor injury or health effects1*ost Time I345ry; < A77ecti3g work per7orma3ce, s5ch as restrictio3 to work acti9ities :Restricted =orkday Case; or a 3eed to take a 7ew days to 75lly reco9er:*ost =orkday Case;2 *imited health e77ects are re9ersi6le e2g2 ski3 irritatio3, 7ood poiso3i3g2

$2

Major injury or health effects : i3cl5di3g Perma3e3t Partial 'isa6ility; < A77ecti3g work per7orma3ce i3 the lo3ger term,s5ch as prolo3ged a6se3ce 7rom work2 Irre9ersi6le health damage witho5t loss o7 li7e, e2g2 3oise i3d5ced heari3g loss, chro3ic 6ack i345ries Single fatality< 0rom accide3t or occ5patio3al ill3ess : poiso3i3g, ca3cer; Multiple fatalities < 0rom accide3t or occ5patio3al ill3ess:poiso3i3g, ca3cer;

%2 &2

(onse#uence - definition
&a age to !sset
No2
! " -ero &a age Slight da age - No disr5ptio3 to operatio3

'escriptio3

Minor da age < Brie7 disr5ptio3

$2

7ocal da age - Partial sh5tdow3

%2 &2

Major da age - Partial operatio3 loss %)tensive da age - +56sta3tial or total loss o7 operatio3s

(onse#uence - definition
%ffect on the %nviron ent
No2
! "

'escriptio3
-ero effect < No e39iro3me3tal damage2 No caha3ge i3 e39iro3me3t2 No 7i3a3cial co3se>5e3ces Slight effect < *ocal e39iro3me3t damage2 =ithi3 the 7e3ce a3d withi3 systems2 Negligi6le 7i3a3cial co3se>5e3ces Minor effect - Co3tami3atio32 'amage s577icie3tly large to attack the e39iro3me3t2 +i3gle e8ceeda3ce o7 stat5tory or prescri6ed criterio32 +i3gle complai3t2 No perma3e3t e77ect o3 the e39iro3me3t2 7ocalised effect - *imited loss o7 discharges o7 k3ow3 to8icity2 Repeated e8ceeda3ce o7 stat5tory or prescri6ed limit2 A77ecti3g 3eigh6o5rhood2 Major effect - +e9ere e39iro3me3tal damage2 The compa3y is re>5ired to take e8te3si9e meas5res to restore the co3tami3ated e39iro3me3t to its origi3al state2 (8te3ded e8ceeda3ce o7 stat5tory or prescri6ed limits Massive effect - Persiste3t se9ere e39iro3me3tal damage or se9ere 35isa3ce e8te3di3g o9er a large area2

$2

%2

&2

I3 terms o7 commercial or recreatio3al 5se o7 3at5re co3ser9a3cy, a ma4or eco3omic loss 7or the compa3y2 Co3sta3t, high e8ceeda3ce o7 stat5tory or prescri6ed limits2

(onse#uence - definition
, pact on Reputation
No2
! "

'escriptio3
0o i pact - No p56lic aware3ess2 Slight i pact < P56lic aware3ess may e8ist, 65t there is 3o p56lic co3cer32

7i ited i pact - +ome local p56lic co3cer32 +ome local media a3d ? or local political atte3tio3 with pote3tially ad9erse aspects 7or compa3y operatio3s2 (onsiderable i pact - Regio3al p56lic co3cer32 (8te3si9e ad9erse atte3tio3 i3 local media2 +light 3atio3al media a3d? or local ? regio3al political atte3tio32 Ad9erse sta3ce o7 local go9er3me3t a3d ? or actio3 gro5ps2 0ational i pact - Natio3al p56lic co3cer32 (8te3si9e ad9erse atte3tio3 i3 the 3atio3al media2 Regio3al ? 3atio3al policies with pote3tially restricti9e meas5res a3d ? or impact o3 gra3t o7 lice3ces2 -o6ilisatio3 o7 actio3 gro5ps2 ,nternational i pact - I3ter3atio3al p56lic atte3tio32 (8te3si9e ad9erse atte3tio3 i3 i3ter3atio3al media2

$2

%2

&2

Natio3al ? I3ter3atio3al policies with pote3tially se9ere impact o3 access to 3ew areas, gra3ts o7 lice3ces a3d ? or ta8 legislatio3

Step C - Threats

8or all hazards and conse#uences "hich have been ranked as H,<H risks$ identify all threats or causes "hich can release the hazard to beco e a top event

Threat - definition Threat is defined as:

! possible cause that "ill release the hazard to beco e a top eventincludes ther al$ biological$ electrical$ che ical$ kinetic$ cli atic$ radiation or hu an factors
)hreat )hreat "eople Asset ,amage &n%ironment

Ha(ard

)op &%ent *Incident+

)hreat

!eputation

Threat - e)a ples High te perature (orrosion 3acteria Overpressure %rosion High voltage ?ltraviolet radiation %nviron ental conditions Hu an inco petence &esign / process unkno"ns

Step D - 3arriers

&eter ine 3arriers for each threat

3arrier - definition ! 3arrier is defined as :

! easure "hich is put in to prevent the release of a hazard or to prevent the occurrence of a top event once the hazard is released barriers ay be physical or non- physical
"eople Asset ,amage &n%ironment

)hreat )hreat

-arrier -arrier -arrier -arrier

Ha(ard

)op &%ent *Incident+

)hreat

-arrier -arrier

!eputation

3arrier - e)a ples <uards or protective shields e5g5 protective coatings$ corrosion inhibitors$ achine guards$ fencing etc5 *ressure / safety relief valves High te perature cut-off s"itches (orrect / valid operating procedures Ti e delays in processes 7o"ering speeds of e#uip ent (arrying aintenance "hen it is due Reducing congestion in operating areas

Step E - Recovery Measures

&eter ine the Recovery Measures to reduce the i pact of the (onse#uences due to the occurrence of the Top %vent

Recovery Measures
!ctivity or (ondition "hich causes hazard release *roactive control Recovery Measures ,ncident

H ! ! R &

T H R % ! T

3 ! R R , % R

TO* %.%0T

( O 0 T ! , 0 M % 0 T

M , T , < ! T , O 0

P A ( R
(onse#uences

R % S T O R ! T , O 0

Recovery Measures - e)a ples <as$ fire ; s oke alar s % ergency Shutdo"n syste s 8ire"ater deluge syste s 8ire and blast "alls % ergency Response plans$ training ; drills 3usiness Resu ption *lans

Step F - %scalation factors

,dentify %scalation 8actors "hich "ill reduce the effectiveness or operation of the barriers or recovery easures and i ple ent additional

easures to co pensate for these factors

%scalation 8actors - definition %scalation 8actors are defined as:

(onditions that lead to increased risk due to loss of barriers or loss of recovery easures especially life saving or itigating capabilities

)hreat )hreat

-arrier -arrier -arrier -arrier

!eco%ery .easures !eco%ery .easures !eco%ery .easures !eco%ery .easures

"eople Asset ,amage &n%ironment

Ha(ard

)op &%ent *Incident+

)hreat

-arrier -arrier

!eputation

%scalation controls

%scalation (ontrols - %)a ples

!bnor al operating condition e5g critical standby e#uip ent is under aintenance during an e ergency ay not allo" *lant operating outside the design envelope %)tre e environ ental conditions the activation of planned recovery of updated operating procedures Hu an error due to lack of co petence or ineffective training easures

,ncorrect operation of the plant due to unavailability

?se the !7!R* principle to test "hether the controls are sufficient

!S 7O4 !S R%!SO0!37B *R!(T,(!37%

!S 7O4 !S R%!SO0!37B *R!(T,(!37% 1!7!R*2 *R,0(,*7%
Risk cannot be justified on any grounds

TO7%R!37% ,8:

! 7 ! R *

Risk is undertaken if a benefit is desired

Reduction i practicle or cost/gain grossly disproportionate

0o need for detailed de onstration

(ost e)ceed i prove ent

Step +G

(o plete the Hazard !nalysis and the Hazards ; %ffects Register

8ull hazard analysis

*roactive (ontrols

Reactive (ontrols
!eco%ery .easures !eco%ery .easures !eco%ery .easures !eco%ery .easures

)hreat )hreat

-arrier -arrier -arrier -arrier

"eople Asset ,amage &n%ironment

Ha(ard

)op &%ent *Incident+

)hreat

-arrier -arrier

!eputation

%scalation controls

(o pleted Hazards ; %ffects Register

H!-!R&S ; %88%(TS R%<,ST%R Risk Re edial ,nitial 8inal Hazard Threats 3arriers Top Recovery (onse#uences Rating %vent Measures Risk Risk !ction Re#uired * ! % R = = = = = = (> = = = = &:$> %9$:$> =

= = = =

(> = = = = &:$> %9$:$> = = = = = =

Step ++

7ink 3arriers and Recovery Measure controls to HS% (ritical !ctivities "hich are part of 3usiness !ctivities

HS% (ritical !ctivities HS% (ritical !ctivities are the activities that re#uire to be carried out to ensure the effectiveness and correct operation of the 3arriers and Recovery Measures at all ti es These activities are broken do"n into tasks 8or all these tasks$ standards have to be specified and clear ; valid procedures should be available (o petency re#uire ents for the staff to carry out the task and also for the supervisors should be ade clear5 4here there are gaps$ they should be sent for training

Step +G
Hazard
Standards *rocedures ,nputs *erfor ance Measures

3arrier

Reports Outputs HS% (ritical activity

#ontrol
Top %vent

H'& critical task

!eco%ery .easures
(onse#uences

Staff (o petency Supervisor

,esign & #onstruction /perations .aintenance Inspection -usiness Acti%ity

!ctivity H Hazard relationship

,nput
-ai3t2 proced5res -ai3t2 +trategy 0ail5re record

Output
Ta3k repair report
Responsible party

*erfor ance criteria

Tre3d o3 corrosio3 o7 ta3k
(o petence

!ctivity Task 3arrier Threat

%)ecute

aintenance

-ai3t2 -gr2

"! yrs mai3t e8p2 $ yrs operatio3s e8p2 & yrs e8perie3ce Tech2 trai3i3g

Maintain tanks

Tech3icia3

%)ternal coating of tanks %)ternal corrosion

%)a ple on 3arrier Hazard

Hydrocarbon li#uid under pressure in tanks

!ctivity H Hazard relationship

,nput
o9t2 Reg5latio3s (RP?)il spill respo3se pla3

Output
(merge3cy 'rill report
Responsible party

*erfor ance criteria

Tre3d i3 emerge3cy respo3se
(o petence

!ctivity Task Recovery Measure (onse#uence

HS% support activity %R* drill

/+( -gr2

(8p2 0ire7ighti3g & oil spill respo3se Compete3t to )perate respo3se e>5ipme3t

/+( Tech3icia3

% ergency Response plan Oil spill

Hazard

Hydrocarbon li#uid under pressure in tanks

%)a ple on Recovery Measure

&"

(ontrol

!ssess Recovery

,dentify

Examples Of dentifying ! Managing Safety and Health "is#

$ext fe% slides&.

Examples Of dentifying ! Managing Safety and Health "is#

Hazard Threat 3arrier Top %vent Recovery Measures (onse#uences

Moving .ehicle

Slippery Road

Slo" &o"n

7oss of (ontrol

!3S

!ccident$ ,njuries$ 8atalities

Incompetent dri%er 0ot sure discharge procedure "oor attitude

oss of containment
&! procedure -und2wall 'uper%ision

'pill1contamination 'top work order #ompanys reputation

)raining 'uper%ision ,esign of skid tank

Refined hydrocarbon

Threat +

(onse#uence n

*unloading into skid tank+

Threat 6 Threat 9 Threat : Recovery *reparedness Measures (onse#uence 9

( O 0 S % A ? % 0

,iesel

3arriers

Top %vent

(onse#uence 6

Threat n

.ultiple supplier non standard fittings

-undwall %al%e open

(onse#uence +

&scalation factors *sa$oteur+

) ) )

) )

) ) ) ) )

 Hazard ' the bull

Threats @ corroded fence @ rotting posts @ bull leans on fence @ bull charges fence

The (hildren ; the 3ull

(ontrols/3arriers H galvanised H treated "ood H etal posts H barbed "ire H barbed "ire$ : strands H etal posts H electric fence H prune trees aterial %scalation 8actors H acid rain H ter ites$ age H corrosion H anger 1state of ind2 H Red 3all$ barking dog H yelling child$ dog

Top %vent ' 7oss of contain ent 1escape of bull2

@ falling tree li bs

H "eather$ age$ insects H ability to read$

@ gate unlatched/open H sign$ lock H vandalis

The (hildren ; the 3ull

(onse#uences '
Recovery Measures dog attack bull run to car shoot the bull cli b tree run in different directions

ultiple fatalites
%salation5 8actors dog not trained panic situation failed to fire Height phobia panic situation %scalation 8actor (ontrols send for regular training carry out si ulation e)ercise Regular service of gun Therapy and practice carry out si ulation e)ercise

Top %vent ' 7oss of contain ent 1escape of bull2

Coincident or Not ?
If, ABC D EFGHI J K L M N O PQ R S T U V W X Y Z Equ !", # $ % & ' ( ) * + #, ## #$ #% #& #' #( #) #* #+ $, $# $$ $% $& $' $( T-./, K0 N 0O 0W0 L 0E0D0G0E ## 0 #& 0 #' 0 $% 0 #$ 0 ' 0 & 0 ) 0 ' 1 +(2 H0A0R 0D0W0 O0 R 0K * 0 # 0 #* 0 & 0 $% 0 #' 0 #* 0 ## 1 +*2 B34- 5. 678354 /4, 9u4 4-. 434 ! f !!" :u"4 "-354 3f #,,2 Bu4, A0T 0T 0 I0T 0 U 0D0E # 0 $, 0 $, 0 + 0 $, 0 $# 0 & 0 ' 1 #,,2

Safety really is about attitude. Make 100% Safe Behavior your choice both ON and OFF the ob

)HA03 4/5