Different Methods Toward Creativity

This is a teaching material for creative thinking class lectured by
Hsien-Hui Tang ( 唐玄輝 ) at NTUST, Taiwan

drhhtang@gmail.com
DIFFERENT METHODS
TOWARD CREATIVITY
drhhtang@gmail.com 1
Objective definitions of creativity
•The creation of original and useful work
•Key characteristics: novelty and value
INTRODUCE YOURSELF BY A
PIECE OF PAPER
Research Approaches
• Psychometric
• Experimental
• Biographical
• Biological
• Contextual
• Computational
Psychometric Approach
• Oldest approach
• Creativity is a measurable mental trait
• Divergent thinking
• Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
– Originality( 獨創性 ) ：變化
– Fluency( 流暢性 ) ：數量
– Flexibility( 變通性 ) ：差異
– Elaboration( 精進力 ) ：細節
IQ Versus Creativity
• Disagreement
• Not correlated with IQ above 120
• Highly intelligent individuals not
necessarily highly creative
The Creative Personality
• Aware of being creative
• Imaginative
• Independent
• Risk taking
• High levels of personal energy
• Curiosity
• Attracted to complexity and novelty
• Aesthetic sense
• Open-minded
• Need for privacy
• Tolerance for ambiguity
• Persistent
Experimental Approach
• Cognitive psychology
– 3H3O problem
• Thought processes involved in solving
creativity problems
• Creativity viewed as cognitive processing
(and therefore normative)
• Focus on components involved in creative
thinking tasks
Geneplore Model (Finke, Ward,
and Smith, 1992)
Generation of Preinventive
Preinventive Exploration
Structure and Interpretation
Product
Constraints
The novelty of design situation: a single geneplore cycle

The novelty of design situatedness: multiple geneplore cycles
Visual Exercise
Generation vs Exploration
Biographical Approach
• Life histories of creative people
• Focus on identifying the developmental
experiences, personality traits,
environmental factors that contribute to
exceptional creative achievement
Creative Mind
• 創造心靈七位大師的創造力剖析
• 七個人都來自同一時代，受到西歐文明的
影響
• 愛因斯坦與佛洛伊德都是科學的代表，畢
卡索是一位視覺空間大師，史特拉汶斯基
是音樂創作者，艾略特是語言的操控者，
葛蘭姆是肢體語言智慧的創作者，甘地則
為政治家與宗教領袖
Creativity Factors
• Birth order
• Intellectual precocity
• Childhood trauma
• Family background
• Education/training
• Role models
Developmental Cycle
• 10 years to master your domain
• Breakthroughs every 10 years
• Fit between the person and domain
Biological Approaches
• Assumes psychological ( 心理的 ) traits
have a biological ( 生物的 ) basis
• Looks at physiological differences
between creative and less creative people
• Biometric & neurometric
• The Effects of Positive and Negative Mood
on Divergent-Thinking Performance
• DNA, Brain Activities
Findings
• Creative people has used a variety of bizarre
methods that they believe have helped them
to be more creative (these methods do not
include self-control)
• High states of arousal inhibit creative thinking
• Alternating need for solitude and stimulation
• Music, marijuana, hypnotic states increases
creativity
Exercise
• Brainstorming how to enhancing creativity

in the classroom
How to Proceed Brainstorming
• Defer judgment
• One conversation at a time
• Encourage wild ideas
• Go for quantity
• Build on others ideas
• Stay Focused
• Write and Draw
Enhancing Creativity in the
Classroom
• Establish purpose and intent
• Encourage acquisition of domain-specific knowledge
• Stimulate & reward curiosity and exploration
• Build internal motivation (perceived locus of control)
• Encourage confidence and a willingness to take risks
• Provide opportunities for choice and discovery
• Develop self-management skills
• Teach by example
• Teach techniques and strategies for facilitating creative
performance
• Focus on mastery and self-competition
• Promote supportable beliefs about creativity
Contextual Research Approach
• Organizational Creativity
– Expertise (technical, procedural & intellectual
knowledge),
– Creative thinking skills (how flexibly and
imaginatively people approach problems),
– Motivation (especially intrinsic motivation).
• The Deep Dive
Referential Context
• Boden (1990) P-creativity and H-creativity

• Big C and small c
CSIKSZENTMIHALYI’S SYSTEMS
VIEW
• Individual CULTURE
• Generates ideas. Domain
• Field
Recognition Information
• Evaluates ideas.
• Domain
Ideas
Field Individual
Feedback
• Informs individuals. SOCIETY
GENES &
HISTORY
LIU’S DUAL GENERATE–AND–
TEST MODEL
Computational Approach
• Using computational programs to mimic
human creativity
• Next
• Artificial Creativity
• S-creativity in the design process
• Using Chinese poem to stimulate creativity
• Team members and creativity
Exercise
• Brainstorming again
• How to build a water pool in NTUST for
the size of 3m X 1m X 0.3m
Recommended Books
• Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi
• Howard Gardner
• Robert Stenberg

Different Methods Toward Creativity

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Different Methods Toward Creativity

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This is a teaching material for creative thinking class lectured by

Hsien-Hui Tang ( 唐玄輝 ) at NTUST, Taiwan

The novelty of design situation: a single geneplore cycle

• Brainstorming how to enhancing creativity

• The Deep Dive

• Boden (1990) P-creativity and H-creativity

• Generates ideas. Domain

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