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CELL SPECIALISATION
Define terms differentiation & specialisation -erythrocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, sperm cells, palisade cells, root hair cells, xylem, Phloem & cambium
12:8 = 3:2
Polar bear or other multi cellular organism
20:25
Multi-cellular organisms
Large s/a: volume All cells exposed to environment Effective exchange surface-for what? All cells perform all functions
Smaller s/a: volume Not all cells in contact with external environment Therefore: Specialised cells to perform different functions
Young cell
Cell division
Cell growth
Cell specialisation
Mature cell
-Unlikely or unable to divide again
What is Differentiation When a cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular job/function What categories of differentiation are there? Change number of particular organelle e.g. muscle cell Change the shape of the cell e.g. root hair cell Change some of the contents of the cell e.g. RBC ALL 3!!
In your group, split the cells between you. Research your cell. Later you will need to explain your findings to the rest of the group
Specialised Cell Erythrocyte Neutrophil Sperm cell Palisade Cell Root hair cell Guard Cell Ciliated Epithelium
GROUP ESSAY
In this question, one mark is available for the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar. Below is a picture of blood showing both red and white blood cells.
Describe how red blood cells, such as those shown in the picture are adapted for their function. (Allow one lined page). [6] Quality of Written Communication [1] [Total 7 marks] Think about the other side of the course too!!
1 haemoglobin/haem, carries oxygen/AW; 2 detail of no. of oxygen molecules carried; 3 small size/large SA:V ratio, so haemoglobin never far from cell surface/AW; 4 flexible/elastic/stretchy/changes shape/AW; 5 small size/stretchiness/AW, allows red cells to, fit/squeeze, into capillaries; 6 biconcave/AW [A dimpled], gives, increased/AW, surface area relative to volume (for diffusion); 7 no nucleus to maximise room for, haemoglobin/oxygen/AW; 8 contain carbonic anhydrase; 9 describe, the reaction catalysed by carbonic anhydrase/role in maintenance of diffusion gradient/AW; 10 transport of carbon dioxide as carbamino-haemoglobin/CO2 combines with Hb; 11 ref buffering effect; 12 AVP; e.g. further detail of oxygen carriage variable oxidation state of Fe idea that small size allows them to be close to tissue or cells lack of, other/named, named organelles, also increases room for Hb/O2 max 6 13 QWC legible text with accurate spelling, punctuation and grammar; 1[7]