Smart Shopper

A Consumer Decision Support System Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

Outline
Decision Support System Why Fuzzy Logic System Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Systems and membership function Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems and membership function Proposed Approach Implementation Discussion and Conclusion Future Work

Decision support systems

The consumer decision support systems is to extract products that match users queries, and filter out unmatched products. The match is measured by a ranking function. The filtering function calculates the ranking of each product and filters out the lower ranked products.

Why Fuzzy Logic System

The fuzziness nature of the e-commerce makes the ranking process much more difficult.
User's queries are often complex and fuzzy. They are contradictory and need to be balanced

The general framework of fuzzy reasoning allows handling of this uncertainty.

Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Systems

Type-1 fuzzy sets represent uncertainty by numbers in the range [0, 1].
(a) Input Processing
Rules

Output Processing

Crisp Input Fuzzifier Inference

Crisp Output

Defuzzifier

Analyzer

Type-1 Membership Function

Two-dimension in which each element of the type-1 fuzzy set has a

membership grade that is a crisp number in [0, 1].

Low 1 Medium High (a)

0,0

1000

2000

Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

Type-2 fuzzy sets are an extension of type-1 fuzzy sets in which uncertainty is represented by an additional dimension.
(b) Input Processing Output Processing
Defuzzifier Crisp Input Fuzzifier Inference TypeReducer Type Reduced Set Crisp Output

Rules

Analyzer

Type-2 Membership Function

Three dimensions in which each element of the type-2 fuzzy set has a membership grade that is a fuzzy set in [0, 1].
Low 1 Medium High (b)

0, 0

10

Advantages for Type 2 FLS

This extra third dimension in type-2 fuzzy logic systems (FLS) gives more degrees of freedom for better representation of uncertainty compared to type-1 fuzzy sets. Type-2 fuzzy sets are useful in circumstances where it is difficult to determine the exact membership function for a fuzzy set. Using type-2 FLS provides the capability of handling a higher level of uncertainty and provides a number of missing components that have held back successful deployment of fuzzy systems in human decision making.

Interval Type-2 Membership Function

Special case: type-2 membership function is an interval set that the secondary membership function is either zero or one
(b) (a) 1 H x = 0.65 avg 1

0, 0

0.5

0.65

0, 0

avg

Proposed Approach (1) Algorithm

= avg L = avg - H = avg +
Q 0, 0 5 10 Low 1 (Q) = 0.05 Medium High

(R) = (P) (Q)

(R) = (P) (Q) + (P) (Q)

Proposed Approach (2) Type Reduce

Low 1 Medium High

avg
1

Low

Medium

High

Q 0, 0 5 10 0, 0 5 10

(R) = (P) (Qavg) (R) = (P) (Qavg) + (P) (Q) = (P) (Q)

Proposed Approach (3)Results

1.0

R AVG
0.8

( r ) rdr

Poor

Medium

High

( r )dr
( r ) rdr

0.6

R 2 *

(r )dr

0.4

0.2

R = Ravg R
0 2 4 6 8 10

0.0

Implementation
Java servlet is used to implement this type-2 FLS-based consumer decision support system. Two inputs: one (price) uses type-1, the other (quality) uses type-2. The result (rank) is a fuzzy set and ranges from the low limit to the high limit.

Smart Shopper User Interface(1)

Smart Shopper User Interface(2)

Discussion
A better results might be obtained by defined the membership function of price also to be type-2. It is important to define reasonable membership functions. Using an interval input for the price, which provides more freedom for users. Provide a weight function.

Conclusion
An up-low limit method has been proposed to handle the complex calculations of type-2 FLS. This approach reduces the complex calculations of type-2 to type-1. A fuzzy output of an interval type-2 FLS can be obtained using the up-low limit technique. This fuzzy output provides more reasonable conclusion for the users.

Future Work
Use the generation of membership functions. More type-2 variables. Weight function. Interval inputs to improve the system.

REFERENCES
[Jang97] Jang, J-S. R., C-T. Sun, and E. Mizutani, "Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing", Prentice Hall, 1997. [Liang00] Liang, Q.L. and J.M. Mendel, "Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System: Theory and Design", IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy System, 8, 535-550 (2000). [Kamik99] Kamik, N.N., J.M. Mendel, and Q.L. Liang, "Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System", IEEE Transaction on Fuzzy System, 7, 643-658 (1999). [Popp96] Popp, H. and D. Lodel, "Fuzzy Techniques and User Modeling in Sales Assistants", User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 5, pp. 349-370 (1996). [Roussinov01] Roussinov, D.G. and H-C. Chen, "Information navigation on the web by clustering and summarizing query results", Information Processing and Management, 37, pp. 789-816 (2001). [Yager88] Yager, R.R., "On ordered weighted averaging aggregation operators in multicriteria decisionmaking", IEEE Transactions on systems, man and cybernetics: Part A, 18, pp. 183-190 (1988). [Zadeh75] Zadeh, L.A., "The Concept of a Linguistic Variable and its Application to Approximate Reasoning - I", Information Sciences, 8, pp. 199-249 (1975). [Zadeh01] Zadeh, L.A., "Letter to the members of the BISC group", in: Proceedings of the BISC Int. Workshop on Fuzzy Logic and the Internet, 2001. [Zhang03] Zhang, Y-Q., "Fuzzy Logic, the Internet and E-Commerce", In: Fuzzy Web Shopping Agents, 2003.

DEMO