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anterior pituitary drives changes during puberty controlled by GnRH from hypothalamus begins to secrete FSH, LH LH targets interstitial endocrinocytes testosterone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) FSH - Sustentacular cells Androgen-binding protein (ABP) concentrates androgens for spermatids Inhibin negative feedback to the pituitary and hypothalamus
Development testosterone stimulates pattern development before birth (internal ducts) DHT external genitals Testosterone converted to estrogens in brain brain development Puberty testosterone & DHT stimulate enlargement of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics
Onset of Puberty
FSH and LH secretion is high in newborn, but falls to low levels in few weeks. At puberty:
Brain
During late puberty, pulsatile secretion of LH and FSH increase during sleep.
Stimulate
Onset of Puberty
(continued)
Age of onset related to the % of body fat and physical activity in the female Leptin secretion from adipocytes may be required for puberty.
Testes:
Seminiferous tubules:
Contain receptor proteins for FSH in Sertoli cells. FSH stimulates spermatogenesis to occur. LH stimulates secretion of testosterone. Contain receptor proteins for LH.
Leydig cells:
Negative feedback:
Declines gradually in men over 50 years of age. Testosterone converted to DHT, which inhibits LH.
Aromatization reaction producing estradiol in the brain, is required for the negative feedback effects.
Testosterone and its derivatives are responsible for initiation and maintenance of body changes in puberty.
Stimulate growth of muscles, larynx, and bone growth until sealing of the epiphyseal discs.
Testosterone:
& Functions:
Body in general
Stimulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics including: development of male genitalia male skeleton and muscle development male patterns for hair growth increased RBC production & higher metabolic rate
Seminiferous tubules
Anterior Pituitary
Sertoli Cells
autoimmune destruction of sperm. Produce FAS ligand which binds to the FAS receptor on surface to T lymphocytes, triggering apoptosis of T lymphocytes.
Prevents
transmit information molecules from germ cells to Sertoli cells. to testosterone and concentrates testosterone in the tubules.
Leydig Cells
produce/secrete testosterone
Effects of Testosterone
At puberty testosterone prompts spermatogenesis Causes reproductive organs to grow & assume adult functions As adult normal levels of testosterone are required to maintain normal structure & function of reproductive organ
Testosterone
develop/maintain secondary sex characteristics : - mental, hair growth, larynx, muscles metabolism anabolic inhibit pituitary LH secretion
Estrogen Secretion
May be responsible for: Negative feedback in brain. Sealing of epiphyseal plates. Regulatory function in fertility.
Formation of primary spermatocytes and entry into early prophase I, begin during embryonic development. Spermatogenesis arrested until puberty. Testosterone required for completion of meiosis and spermatid maturation. Secrete paracrine regulators: IGF-1. Inhibin. Transforming growth factor. FSH necessary in the later stages of spermatid maturation.
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