ADJUSTING ENTRIES

Dirga darmawan Hasan hamzah Hendrik paulus Nurfajriyanti Nurhikmah

Disusun oleh : 1310321076 1310321077 1310321078 1310321079 1310321080

Characteristics ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC SECTOR

A. Definition and scope of public sector accounting The term public sector has a diverse sense , this is a consequence of the extent of public areas , so that each discipline (political , economic , legal and social ) have the perspective and different definitions . From an economic standpoint the public sector can be understood as an entity ( entity ) Whose activity is related to the effort to produce public goods and services in order to meet the needs and rights of the public . In line with the developments in our country on Public Sector Accounting is defined as the mechanism accounting and analysis techniques applied to the management of public funds in a high state institutions and departments under it , local Governments , state enterprises , enterprises , NGOs and social foundations , as well as on cooperation of private and public sector projects . Some of the duties and functions of the public sector can also be done by actually suasta sector for example to produce some kind of public services such as communication services , taxation , education , public transport etc , but for the public sekotr tugastertentu task can not be replaced by suasta sectors , for example the function of government bureaucracy . As a consequence of public sector accounting in some respects with the accounting in the private sector disproportionately .

The purpose of the Public Sector Accounting

Provide Necessary information to manage properly, efficiently and economically over the allocation of resources entrusted to the organization. This goal is related to management control Provide information to enable managers to report on the implementation of NAMAs responsibilities and effective use of resources and programs under its control and allow for government employees to report to the public the results of the operations of government and the use of public funds. This goal is linked to accountability.

Public Accountability
The phenomenon can be observed in the development of the public sector is the increasing demand implementation of public accountability by public sector organizations such as : central and local government , government work units , departments and state agencies ) demand this accountability associated with the need for transparency and provision of information to the public in order to fulfill the rights of the public . Understanding Public accountability is kewajiaban fiduciary ( agent ) to provide accountability , presenting , reporting and disclose all activities and activities that are the responsibility of the trust to the grantor ( the principal ) who has the right and the obligation to hold accountable .

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Accountability consists of 2 kinds: vertical accountability and horizontal accountability . Vertical accountability is accountability for the management of the fund to a higher authority , such as work units accountable to local government agencies , local government accountability to the central government , the central government told the Assembly . While horizontal accountability is accountability to the wider community .

Public accountability should be done by the public sector organization consisting of several dimensions :

1 . Accountability honesty and accountability law Accountability honesty with regard to avoidance of abuse of office , while the legal accountability associated with the guarantee of compliance with laws and other regulations required in the use of public resources . 2 . accountability process Accountability processes related to whether the procedures used in carrying out the duties are quite good in terms of information adequacy of accounting information , management information systems and administrative procedures . Accountability process is manifested through the provision of a public service that is fast, responsive and low cost . Supervision and examination of the accountability process can be done with the presence or absence of mark up and fees other than the specified and waste that cause wastage of making public services and the high cost of inaction service . As well as the supervision and inspection of projects tenders to carry out public projects .

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3 . accountability program Accountability programs related to consideration of whether the goals set can be achieved or not and whether it has considered alternative programs yanng provide optimal results with minimal cost . 4 . accountability policies Accountability policies related to the responsibilities of government , both central and local levels over the policies taken by the government against the DPR / DPRD and the wider community . Accounting for the public sector can not escape the influence of the strengthening trend of the demands of public sector accountability . Public sector accounting is required to be a tool of planning and control of public sector organizations to effectively and efficiently as well as to facilitate the achievement of public accountability .